以彩色马蹄莲品种‘Parfait’(Zantedeschia hybrid ‘Parfait’)离体丛生芽块为实验材料,对其多倍体诱导过程中秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浓度以及浸泡时间进行分析,并比较了多倍体与二倍体植株在叶形指数、气孔特征、叶绿素含量和染色体数的差异,最终通过回归分析确定最佳诱导条件。 结果显示:随秋水仙素质量体积分数的提高及浸泡时间的缩短,各处理组的丛生芽存活率逐渐增加且均低于对照,而多倍体诱导率逐渐降低且均显著高于对照。 综合考虑丛生芽存活率和多倍体诱导率等因素,根据回归分析确定‘Parfait’多倍体诱导的最佳条件为:丛生芽块在含质量体积分数 0. 20% 秋水仙素和体积分数 0. 10% DMSO 的 MS 液体培养基中浸泡 24 h,多倍体诱导率可达 50. 02% 。 比较分析结果表明:多倍体植株的叶片长度、厚度和长宽比分别为二倍体植株的 1. 23、1. 19 和2. 93 倍,保卫细胞的长度和宽度以及每气孔叶绿体数分别为二倍体植株的 1. 90、1. 96 和 2. 03 倍,叶绿素 a 和总叶绿素含量分别为二倍体植株的 1. 28 和 1. 17 倍;但多倍体植株的叶宽和气孔密度均较小,分别仅为二倍体植株的42. 08% 和 61. 55% 。 除叶绿素 b 含量外,多倍体植株的其他生物学特性均与二倍体植株差异显著。 染色体计数结果显示:获得的多倍体大多为四倍体,染色体数为 2n = 64,同时还得到了一些嵌合体和六倍体。 研究结果表明:彩色马蹄莲品种‘Parfait’多倍体植株的多数生物学特性优于二倍体植株,且其对环境的适应性更强。

Taking in vitro multiple shoot clumps of Zantedeschia hybrid ‘ Parfait ‘ as experimental materials, colchicine and DMSO concentrations and their soaking time during polyploid induction process were analyzed, and differences in leaf indexes, stomatal characteristics, chlorophyll content and chromosome number between polyploid and diploid were compared, finally, the optimal induction condition was confirmed by regression analysis. The results show that with enhancing of colchicine mass-volume ratio and shortening of soaking time, survival rate of multiple shoot of different treatment groups increases gradually and is lower than that of the control, while polyploid induction rate decreases gradually and is significantly higher than that of the control. Comprehensively considering factors such as survival rate of multiple shoot and polyploid induction rate and according to regression analysis, the optimal induction condition of Z. hybrid ‘Parfait’ is soaking multiple shoot clumps in MS liquid medium containing mass-volume ratio 0. 20% colchicine and volume ratio 0. 10% DMSO for 24 h, its polyploidy induction rate is up to 50. 02% . The comparison analysis results show that leaf length, leaf thickness and ratio of leaf length to leaf width of polyploid plants are 1. 23, 1. 19 and 2. 93 times to those of diploid plants, respectively. Length and width of guard cell and chloroplast number per stoma of polyploid plants are 1. 90, 1. 96 and 2. 03 times to those of diploid plants, respectively. Contents of chla and total chlorophyll of polyploid plants are 1. 28 and 1. 17 times to those of diploid plants, respectively. But leaf width and stomatal density of polyploid plants are smaller, which are only 42. 08% and 61. 55% of those of diploid plants, respectively. Except chlb content, there are significant differences in other biological characteristics between polyploid plants and diploid plants. The result of chromosome counting shows that polyploids obtained mostly are tetraploid with chromosome number of 2n = 64, meanwhile, some chimera and hexaploid are obtained. It is suggested that most biological characteristics of Z. hybrid ‘ Parfait’ polyploids are better than those of its diploids, and the polyploids possess stronger adaptability to environment.