使用5种分离培养基分离南方红豆杉〔Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Lemée et H. Lév.) L. K. Fu et N. Li〕根、枝和叶中的内生真菌，并对分离的菌株进行分子鉴定；采用HPLC技术分析不同内生真菌处理组南方红豆杉叶中紫杉醇及中间产物巴卡亭Ⅲ和10-去乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ（10-DAB）的含量差异。结果表明：在南方红豆杉的根、枝和叶中共分离到69株内生真菌，隶属于26属36种；Muyocopron Speg.属有15株内生真菌，占分离的内生真菌菌株总数的21.7%，为南方红豆杉内生真菌的优势属。在19个内生真菌处理组南方红豆杉的叶中可同时检测到紫杉醇、巴卡亭Ⅲ和10-DAB，且这些处理组的巴卡亭Ⅲ和10-DAB含量均低于对照组（未喷洒内生真菌诱导子溶液），而紫杉醇含量却存在明显差异。其中，10个内生真菌处理组的紫杉醇含量高于对照组，以Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae Flakus, Rodr. Flakus et Etayo处理组的紫杉醇含量最高（0.228 mg·g^-1），Gymnopilus luteofolius (Peck) Singer和Coniochaeta hoffmannii (J. F. H. Beyma) Z. U. Khan, Gené et Guarro处理组的紫杉醇含量也较高（分别为0.180和0.139 mg·g^-1）。重复验证结果表明：与对照组相比，P. lobariellae处理组南方红豆杉叶中紫杉醇含量显著升高，但巴卡亭Ⅲ和10-DAB含量明显下降。研究结果显示：南方红豆杉内生真菌多样性较高，部分内生真菌能够促进南方红豆杉叶中紫杉醇的合成，其中，P. lobariellae、G. luteofolius和C. hoffmannii可作为调控南方红豆杉紫杉醇积累的候选菌。

 Endophytic fungi in root, branch, and leaf of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Lemée et H. Lév.) L. K. Fu et N. Li were isolated by using five types of isolation media, and molecular identification was conducted for the isolated strains; differences in contents of taxol and intermediates baccatin Ⅲ and 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ (10-DAB) in leaf of T. wallichiana var. mairei in different endophytic fungus treatment groups were analyzed by HPLC technology. The results show that 69 strains of endophytic fungi are isolated from root, branch, and leaf of T. wallichiana var. mairei in total, belonging to 36 species of 26 genera; there are 15 strains of endophytic fungi in Muyocopron Speg., accounting for 21.7% of the total strain number of isolated endophytic fungi, so it is the dominant genus of endophytic fungi in T. wallichiana var. mairei. Taxol, baccatin Ⅲ, and 10-DAB can be simultaneously detected in leaf of T. wallichiana var. mairei in 19 endophytic fungus treatment groups, and contents of baccatin Ⅲ and 10-DAB in these treatment groups are lower than those in the control group (not spraying endophytic fungal elicitor solution), but there is an evident difference in taxol content. In which, taxol content in ten endophytic fungus treatment groups is higher than that in the control group, taxol content in Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae Flakus, Rodr. Flakus et Etayo treatment group is the highest (0.228 mg·g^-1), and those in Gymnopilus luteofolius (Peck) Singer and Coniochaeta hoffmannii (J. F. H. Beyma) Z. U. Khan, Gené et Guarro treatment groups are also relatively high (which are 0.180 and 0.139 mg·g^-1 respectively). The duplicate verification result shows that taxol content in leaf of T. wallichiana var. mairei in P. lobariellae treatment group increases significantly compared with the control group, while contents of baccatin Ⅲ and 10-DAB decrease evidently. It is suggested that the diversity of endophytic fungi in T. wallichiana var. mairei is relatively high, and some endophytic fungi can promote the biosynthesis of taxol in leaf of T. wallichiana var. mairei, in which, P. lobariellae, G. luteofolius, and C. hoffmannii can be used as candidate fungi for regulating the accumulation of taxol in T. wallichiana var. mairei.