以 3 个甘蓝型油菜( Brassica napus L.) 品种‘中油 821’ (‘ Zhongyou No. 821’)、‘中双 9 号’ (‘ ZhongshuangNo. 9’)及‘中油杂 2 号’(‘Zhongyouza No. 2’)为对照,采用离体叶片菌丝块接种法、人工模拟干旱和湿害胁迫处理法对蔊菜[Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern]的抗菌核病[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]、抗旱和耐湿特性进行了鉴定。 结果表明:菌核病菌接种后,蔊菜幼苗叶片的病斑直径为 1. 75 cm,极显著小于 3 个甘蓝型油菜品种的病斑直径(3. 25 ~ 3. 60 cm)。 经干旱胁迫后,3 个油菜品种的幼苗严重萎蔫,茎粗、根长以及地上部分、根和全株的鲜质量和干质量均极显著低于对照;蔊菜幼苗轻度萎蔫,仅茎粗和根鲜质量分别极显著和显著低于对照,其他生长指标与对照差异不显著;蔊菜幼苗各生长指标的伤害指数均显著或极显著低于 3 个油菜品种。 经湿害胁迫后,蔊菜和 3 个油菜品种幼苗的总叶片数和绿叶数较对照明显减少、黄叶数增加,但蔊菜幼苗的黄叶数显著少于 3 个油菜品种;3 个油菜品种幼苗的茎粗、根长以及地上部分、根和全株的鲜质量和干质量总体上显著或极显著低于对照,而蔊菜幼苗仅茎粗、根长和根干质量显著低于对照,其他生长指标与对照差异不显著;蔊菜幼苗的茎粗,根长,地上部分、根和全株的鲜质量以及根和全株的干质量的伤害指数均显著或极显著低于 3 个油菜品种。 研究结果显示:蔊菜对菌核病的抗性及抗旱和耐湿性均强于供试的 3 个甘蓝型油菜品种,是十字花科( Brassiaceae)中对菌核病抗性强、抗旱耐湿的优质基因源。

Taking three cultivars of Brassica napus L. of ‘Zhongyou No. 821’, ‘Zhongshuang No. 9’ and ‘Zhongyouza No. 2’ as the control, characteristics of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance of Rorippa indica ( L.) Hiern were identified by methods of mycelial inoculation on leaf in vitro and of simulating drought and waterlogging stresses. The results show that lesion spot diameter on leaf in vitro of R. indica seedling is 1. 75 cm after mycelial inoculation with S. sclerotiorum, which is obviously significantly smaller than those on leaf in vitro of three cultivars of B. napus (3. 25 -3. 60 cm). After drought stress, seedlings of three cultivars of B. napus wilt severely, their stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weights of above-ground part, root and whole plant decrease obviously significantly compared with those of the control. While seedling of R. indica wilts slightly, only its stem diameter and root fresh weight are obviously significantly and significantly lower than those of the control and other growth indexes have not significant differences with those of the control. Also damage indexes of growth indexes of R. indica seedling all are significantly or obviously significantly lower than those of seedlings of three cultivars of B. napus. After waterlogging stress, total number of leaf and green leaf number of seedlings of R. indica and three cultivars of B. napus decrease obviously and yellow leaf number increases compared with the control, but yellow leaf number of R. indica seedling is significantly less than that of three cultivars of B. napus. Stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weights of above-ground part, root and whole plant of three cultivars of B. napus mostly decrease significantly or obviously significantly compared with those of the control. But stem diameter, root length and root dry weight of R. indica seedling decrease significantly compared with those of the control, and other growth indexes have not significant differences with those of the control. All of damage index of stem diameter, root length, fresh weights of above-ground part, root and whole plant, dry weights of root and whole plant of R. indica seedling are significantly or obviously significantly lower than those of three cultivars of B. napus. It is suggested that resistances of R. indica to S. sclerotiorum and to drought and waterlogging all are stronger than those of three cultivars of B. napus, and R. indica is an excellent gene pool of strong resistance to S. sclerotiorum, drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance in Brassicaceae.