为了探究西南绣球（Hydrangea davidii Franch.）在抗疟药物方面的应用价值，对西南绣球茎和根乙醇提取物中石油醚萃取部分的化学成分进行了分离鉴定和体外抗疟活性检测。结果表明：共分离鉴定出10个三萜类化合物，分别为α-香树脂醇（1）、熊果醛（2）、熊果酸（3）、乙酰熊果酸（4）、28-norurs-12-ene-3β-ol（5）、28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol（6）、海棠果醇（7）、木栓酮（8）、3-表木栓醇（9）、3β-hydroxyglutin-5-ene（10）。以上化合物均首次从西南绣球中分离获得，并且化合物1、2、4～7、10首次从绣球属（Hydrangea Linn.）中分离获得。体外抗疟活性检测结果显示化合物2、4、6和8的抗疟活性较强。

 In order to explore the application value of Hydrangea davidii Franch. in antimalarial drugs, the chemical components in petroleum ether extract fraction from ethanol extract of stems and roots of H. davidii were isolated and identified, and their in vitro antimalarial activities were detected. The results show that a total of ten triterpenoids were isolated and identified, namely α-amyrin (1), ursolic aldehyde (2), ursolic acid (3), acetylursolic acid (4), 28-norurs-12-ene-3β-ol (5), 28norurs-12-ene-3β, 17β-diol (6), canophyllol (7), friedelin (8), 3-epifriedelinol (9), and 3β-hydroxyglutin-5-ene (10). These compounds are isolated from H. davidii for the first time, and compounds 1, 2, 4-7, and 10 are isolated from Hydrangea Linn. for the first time. In vitro antimalarial activity test result shows that compounds 2, 4, 6, and 8 have strong antimalarial activity.