为探究TCP转录因子在薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch〕生长发育和响应干旱胁迫过程中的作用，基于薄壳山核桃全基因组数据，采用生物信息学方法对其TCP基因家族成员进行了鉴定，并对其序列特征、时空表达模式和干旱胁迫下的表达特征以及TCP进化关系等进行了分析。结果表明：从薄壳山核桃全基因组中共鉴定出33个TCP基因，命名为CiTCP1至CiTCP33，编码193～537个氨基酸，理论等电点为pI 5.85至pI 9.78；CiTCP29定位于叶绿体，其余CiTCP定位于细胞核；所有CiTCP的二级结构以无规卷曲为主。CiTCP在染色体上分布不均匀，5号、6号和11号染色体上分布的基因最多（均为4个）；CiTCP间存在28对共线性关系，说明这些基因扩张主要来源于片段复制。所有CiTCP均包含保守的b-HLH结构域；33个CiTCP可分为ClassⅠ（PCF）和ClassⅡ亚族，后者进一步分为CIN和CYC/TB1亚类，并且，同一分支成员具有相似的基因结构和蛋白保守基序。CiTCP基因的启动子区域含有丰富的植物激素响应、胁迫响应和生长发育调控顺式作用元件。CIN亚类基因CiTCP5、CiTCP8、CiTCP17、CiTCP21、CiTCP25和CiTCP28为miR319的靶基因，说明这些基因的表达可能受miRNA调控。CiTCP基因在不同组织和果实发育阶段的表达模式差异明显，其中，CIN亚类大部分基因在叶中的表达量较高。与干旱胁迫0 d相比，胁迫3～15 d时CiTCP5和CiTCP23表达总体上显著下调，其余基因的表达变化各异。研究结果显示：CiTCP基因具有高度保守性和时空表达特性，且对薄壳山核桃响应干旱胁迫有一定的调控作用。

To investigate the effects of TCP transcription factors during growth and development process and drought stress response process of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, the TCP gene family members in C. illinoinensis were identified by bioinformatics methods based on the whole genome data of C. illinoinensis, and their sequence characteristics, spatio-temporal expression patterns, expression characteristics under drought stress, phylogenetic relationships of TCP, and so on were analyzed. The results show that a total of 33 TCP genes are identified from the whole genome of C. illinoinensis, named CiTCP1 to CiTCP33, encoding 193-537 amino acids, with theoretical isoelectric points from pI 5.85 to pI 9.78; CiTCP29 is localized in chloroplast, while the other CiTCPs are localized in the nucleus; the secondary structures of all CiTCPs are mainly random coils. CiTCPs are unevenly distributed on chromosomes, and the genes distributed on chromosomes 5, 6, and 11 are the most (each with four); there are 28 collinearity relationships among CiTCPs, indicating that the expansion of these genes mainly originates from segmental duplication. All CiTCPs contain conserved b-HLH domains; 33 CiTCPs can be divided into Class Ⅰ (PCF) and Class Ⅱ subfamilies, and the latter can be further classified into CIN and CYC/TB1 subclasses, in addition, the members within the same branch share similar gene structures and protein conserved motifs. The promoter regions of CiTCP genes contain rich cis-acting elements of plant hormone responsive, stress responsive, and growth and development regulatory. CIN-subclass genes CiTCP5, CiTCP8, CiTCP17, CiTCP21, CiTCP25, and CiTCP28 are target genes of miR319, suggesting that their expression might be regulated by miRNA. CiTCP genes exhibit distinct expression patterns among different tissues and fruit development stages, among which, the expressions of most CIN-subclass genes are relatively high in leaves. Compared with 0 d of drought stress, the expressions of CiTCP5 and CiTCP23 are generally significantly downregulated during 3-15 d of stress, while the expression variations of the other genes are different. It is suggested that CiTCP genes are highly conserved and possess spatiotemporal expression characteristics, and they have some regulatory effects on drought stress response of C. illinoinensis.