为了研究越南油茶（Camellia drupifera Lour.）分布区内种实表型性状变异特征及其与环境因子的关系，揭示越南油茶种实表型性状变异规律，对越南油茶18个居群的11个种实表型性状进行方差分析、变异分析和主成分分析，对18个居群进行聚类分析，并对表型性状与环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明：除种形指数外，越南油茶18个居群的其余10个种实表型性状在居群间及居群内差异极显著（P＜0.01）；18个居群种实表型性状的变异系数为4.4%~68.8%，均值为24.3%，其中，鲜籽质量、单果籽粒数和单果质量的平均变异系数较大，分别为49.0%、42.1%和40.2%；居群间和居群内的平均方差分量比例分别为48.11%和28.25%，说明居群间的多样性大于居群内。主成分分析结果显示：前4个主成分的累计贡献率为80.42%，越南油茶种实表型性状的差异主要表现在单果质量、果高、果径、鲜籽质量、果形指数、种形指数和鲜出籽率上。聚类分析结果显示：18个居群可分成2大组，越南油茶种实表型性状呈现出较强的地理区域特征。相关性分析结果显示：单果质量、果径、种长、种宽和种形指数与部分环境因子具有显著（P<0.05）或极显著相关性。综上所述，越南油茶种实表型性状居群间的变异程度略高于居群内，其种实表型性状表现出较强的地理区域特征；与果实相比，越南油茶种子表型性状受环境因子影响较大。

In order to study the variation features of phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of Camellia drupifera Lour. in its distribution areas and their relationships with environmental factors, and reveal the variation laws of phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of C. drupifera, variance analysis, variation analysis and principal component analysis were performed for 11 phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of 18 populations of C. drupifera, cluster analysis was performed for 18 populations, and correlation analysis was performed for phenotypic traits and environmental factors. The results show that except seed shape index, there are extremely significant (P＜0.01) differences in the other 10 phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of interpopulation and intrapopulation of 18 populations of C. drupifera; the coefficients of variation of phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of 18 populations are 4.4%-68.8% with a mean of 24.3%, in which, the mean coefficients of variation of fresh seed mass, seed number per fruit, and single fruit mass are relatively large, which are 49.0%, 42.1%, and 40.2% respectively; the mean variance component ratios of interpopulation and intrapopulation are 48.11% and 28.25%, respectively, indicating that the diversity of interpopulation is greater than that of intrapopulation. The principal component analysis result shows that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components is 80.42%, and the differences of phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of C. drupifera are mainly in single fruit mass, fruit height, fruit diameter, fresh seed mass, fruit shape index, seed shape index, and fresh seed ratio. The cluster analysis result shows that 18 populations are divided into two supergroups, and the phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of C. drupifera show strong geographical regional characteristics. The correlation analysis result shows that single fruit mass, fruit diameter, seed length, seed width, and seed shape index are significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly correlated with some environmental factors. In conclusion, the variation degrees of phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds of C. drupifera are slightly higher of interpopulation than intrapopulation, and its phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds show strong geographical regional characteristics; compared with fruits, the phenotypic traits of seeds of C. drupifera are more affected by environmental factors.