The changes of soil physicochemical properties of saline and alkaline land planted with Oryza sativa Linn. in the area along the Yellow River in Dali County of Shaanxi Province were investigated. The results show that during the process of planting O. sativa， compared with the control field （unplanted with O. sativa）， pH value and electrical conductivity of soil in field planted with O. sativa at filling stage decrease by 0.37 and 0.36 dS·m^-1， respectively， and contents of organic matter and available phosphorus in soil increase by 1.31 g·kg^-1 and 2.21 mg·kg^-1， respectively， while contents of clay， grit and total nitrogen in soil change a little. The above results show that planting O. sativa in saline and alkaline land in the area along the Yellow River can improve the quality of soil and land utilization. In order to obtain more reliable results， planting O. sativa for long time and extending continuous monitoring time are recommended in future.