以种子千粒质量为指标,对安徽天马自然保护区61 种常见秋熟植物(种子数量在500 粒以上)的种子大小进行了测定,并从种子大小与生活型、分类群和种子产量的相关性等方面研究了种子大小的变异规律。 结果显示:61种植物的种子大小存在很大变异,种子千粒质量的最小值和最大值分别为 0. 015 和 79. 370 g;根据种子千粒质量可将种子大小划分成 A(0 ~ 0. 05 g)、B(0. 05 ~ 0. 5 g)、C(0. 5 ~ 5 g)、D(5 ~ 50 g)和 E(50 ~ 500 g)5 个等级,分别占总种数的 8. 20% 、31. 15% 、36. 06% 、21. 31% 和 3. 28% ,呈正态分布。 61 种植物包含乔木、藤本、灌木和草本 4 种生活型,种子千粒质量平均值分别为24. 753、6. 884、6. 812 和1. 601 g,不同生活型间的种子大小存在极显著差异。 61 种植物分属 33 科,不同科间的种子大小具有极显著差异,但各科间的种子大小与分类系统发育方向没有显著相关性。 种子较小且种子产量较高的种类有茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)、奇蒿( A. anomala S. Moore)、薄雪火绒草(Leontopodium japonicum Miq.)、华东藨草(Scirpus karuizawensis Makino)和庐山藨草( S. lushanensis Ohwi)等,显示种子大小与种子产量呈显著的负相关。

Taking seed 1 000-grain weight as index, seed size of 61 common autumn-matured plants (seed number above 500 grains) in Tianma Nature Reserve of Anhui Province was investigated and variation rules of seed size were studied through correlation of seed size with life-form, taxon and seed yield, etc. The results show that there is great variation in seed size among 61 species, the minimum and maximum values of 1 000-grain weight are 0. 015 and 79. 370 g, respectively. And according to 1 000-grain weight, seed size can be divided into five classes of A (0-0. 05 g), B (0. 05-0. 5 g), C (0. 5-5 g), D (5-50 g) and E (50-500 g) with the percentage of 8. 20% , 31. 15% , 36. 06% , 21. 31% and 3. 28% of total species number, respectively, appearing normal distribution. The 61 species contain four life-forms of tree, vine, shrub and herb with the average value of 1 000-grain weight of 24. 753, 6. 884, 6. 812 and 1. 601 g, respectively and seed size has a very significant difference among four life-forms. The 61 species belong to 33 families with a very significant difference in seed size among different families, but there is no significant correlation between seed size of families and direction of system development. The species with small seed and high yield are Artemisia capillaris Thunb., A. anomala S. Moore, Leontopodium japonicum Miq., Scirpus karuizawensis Makino and S. lushanensis Ohwi, etc.,indicating a significantly negative correlation between seed size and seed yield.