对额尔齐斯河支流哈巴河河谷林植物物种组成、多样性特征进行调查，并基于龄级结构评价了乔木物种的生存现状。结果表明：哈巴河河谷林共有维管植物30科70属86种，包括蕨类植物1科1属4种，被子植物29科69属82种。其中，国家二级重点保护野生植物2种，濒危种1种，渐危种1种，新疆特有种5种；菊科（Asteraceae）属数和种数均最多，为第1大科，其次是豆科（Fabaceae）和杨柳科（Salicaceae）。乔木优势种为垂枝桦（Betula pendula Roth.），灌木优势种为疏花蔷薇（Rosa laxa Retz.），草本优势种为草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis Linn.)。草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数总体大于灌木和乔木；草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数在海拔389~435 m间总体随海拔升高而升高，在海拔435~585 m间总体随海拔升高而降低。垂枝桦的幼苗〔Ⅰ级，胸径（DBH）≤5.0 cm〕、幼树（Ⅱ级，5.0 cm30.0 cm）；苦杨（Populus laurifolia Ledeb.）和银白杨（Populus alba Linn.）的幼苗数量虽然较多，但各径级分布不均匀且壮树和老树较少；白柳（Salix alba Linn.）、黑杨（Populus nigra Linn.）、额河杨〔Populus × berolinensis var. jrtyschensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Shang〕、银灰杨〔Populus canescens (Ait.) Smith.〕和柔毛杨（Populus pilosa Rehd.）数量较少且各径级分布不均匀。总体上看，哈巴河河谷林植物资源丰富，草本物种丰富度最高，且分布相对均匀，对稳定哈巴河河谷林植物多样性有重要作用。哈巴河河谷林各乔木种群均存在一定程度的衰退风险，可从调整河流水量和放牧等方面加强哈巴河河谷林区域的生态保护，尤其是包含较多珍稀物种和新疆特有种的杨柳科。

The species composition and diversity characteristics of plants in forests of Haba River Valley, a tributary of Irtysh River were investigated, and the survival status of arbor species was evaluated based on age class structure. The results show that there are a total of 86 species of vascular plants belonging to 70 genera of 30 families in forests of Haba River Valley, containing 4 species of pteridophytes belonging to 1 genus of 1 family and 82 species of angiosperms belonging to 69 genera of 29 families. In which, there are 2 species of national second-class key protected wild plants, 1 endangered species, 1 vulnerable species, and 5 endemic species in Xinjiang; the Asteraceae has the largest numbers of genera and species, ranking as the first largest family, followed by Fabaceae and Salicaceae. The dominant species of arbors is Betula pendula Roth., that of shrubs is Rosa laxa Retz., and that of herbs is Poa pratensis Linn. The Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou evenness index of herbs are generally higher than those of shrubs and arbors; the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou evenness index of the herbs generally increase with the increase of elevation within the elevation of 389-435 m, but generally decrease with the increase of elevation within the elevation of 435-585 m. The numbers of B. pendula seedlings 〔grade Ⅰ, diameter at breast height (DBH)≤5.0 cm〕, saplings (grade Ⅱ, 5.0 cm30.0 cm); although the numbers of seedlings of Populus laurifolia Ledeb. and Populus alba Linn. are relatively large, but the distribution of each diameter class is uneven, and there are fewer mature and old trees; the numbers of Salix alba Linn., Populus nigra Linn., Populus × berolinensis var. jrtyschensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Shang, Populus canescens (Ait.) Smith., and Populus pilosa Rehd. are relatively small, and the distribution of each diameter class is uneven. Overall, the plant resources of forests of Haba River Valley are abundant, the herbs have the highest species richness and a relatively uniform. distribution, which play an important role in stabilizing the plant diversity of forests of Haba River Valley. There is a certain degree of decline risk in each arbor population in forests of Haba River Valley, and the ecological protection of forests of Haba River Valley can be strengthened through adjusting the river water amount and grazing, etc., especially for Salicaceae that contains a relatively large number of rare species and endemic species in Xinjiang.