对皖南宁国市、歙县、旌德县和绩溪县山区12个样点山核桃（Carya cathayensis Sarg.）果实10个表型性状和种仁7个主要养分含量进行了比较和变异分析，并对这些指标进行了Pearson相关性分析。结果表明：供试12个样点山核桃的果皮厚度为5.02～6.23 mm，单果质量为13.10～21.71 g，果实的横径和纵径分别为27.70～34.28和31.30～39.72 mm，单坚果质量为3.58～5.42 g，坚果的横径和纵径分别为19.23～21.60和21.83～25.75 mm，坚果壳厚度为0.92～1.09 mm，出籽率和出仁率分别为24.43％～28.31％和39.03％～48.10％；种仁的蛋白质和粗脂肪含量分别为91.1～130.2和468.5～548.8 mg·g^-1，粗脂肪中硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量分别为3.78％～4.25％、11.63％～12.49％、51.37％～55.57％、25.01％～28.93％和0.29％～0.39％。其中，单果质量、蛋白质含量以及亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量的变异较大，变异系数分别为14.16％、21.75％、10.93％和22.35％，其余指标的变异系数均低于10.00％。总体来看，果实表型性状间的相关性不显著，但种仁主要养分含量间的相关性却显著；坚果横径、坚果壳厚度、出籽率和出仁率与蛋白质和粗脂肪含量以及硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量总体上显著相关，其余果实表型性状与种仁主要养分含量总体上不显著相关。研究结果显示：皖南山核桃种仁的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，且不同样点果实表型性状和种仁主要养分含量存在明显差异；并且，山核桃的坚果横径、坚果壳厚度、出籽率和出仁率对其种仁养分含量有显著影响。

Comparison and variation analysis on 10 phenotypic characters of fruit and 7 main nutrient contents in kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg. from 12 plots in mountainous areas of Ningguo City， Shexian County， Jingde County and Jixi County of Southern Anhui were carried out， and the Pearson correlation among these indexes was analyzed. The results show that pericarp thickness of C. cathayensis from 12 plots tested is 5.02-6.23 mm， single fruit mass does 13.10-21.71 g， fruit horizontal and vertical diameters do 27.70-34.28 and 31.30-39.72 mm， respectively， single nut mass does 3.58-5.42 g， nut horizontal and vertical diameters do 19.23-21.60 and 21.83-25.75 mm， respectively， nut shell thickness does 0.92-1.09 mm， seed and kernel yield rates do 24.43％-28.31％ and 39.03％-48.10％， respectively Contents of protein and crude fat in kernel are 91.1-130.2 and 468.5-548.8 mg·g^-1， respectively， and relative contents of stearic acid， palmitic acid， oleic acid， linoleic acid and linolenic acid in crude fat are 3.78％-4.25％， 11.63％-12.49％， 51.37％-55.57％， 25.01％-28.93％ and 0.29％-0.39％， respectively. In which， variations of single fruit mass， protein content and relative contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid are greater， their coefficients of variation are 14.16％， 21.75％， 10.93％ and 22.35％， respectively， and those of other indexes are all lower than 10.00％. In general， there is no significant correlation among phenotypic characters of fruit， but there are significant correlations among main nutrient contents in kernel. There are significant correlations of nut horizontal diameter， nut shell thickness， and seed and kernel yield rates with contents of protein and crude fat and relative contents of stearic acid， oleic acid， linoleic acid and linolenic acid in general， and there is no significant correlation of other phenotypic characters of fruit with main nutrient contents in kernel in general. It is suggested that unsaturated fatty acid content in kernel of C. cathayensis in Southern Anhui is relatively high， and there are obvious differences in phenotypic characters of fruit and main nutrient contents in kernel among different plots. Besides， nut horizontal diameter， nut shell thickness， and seed and kernel yield rates of C. cathayensis have significant effects on nutrient content in its kernel.