为探究不同材料来源生物炭理化性质的差异及不同生物炭对水中铵态氮和磷的吸附特性，以玉米（Zea mays Linn.）秸秆、‘中山杉’（Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’）枝条、小叶黄杨（Buxus sinica var. parvifolia M. Cheng）枝条为原料制备生物炭，并对3种生物炭的理化性质以及在不同质量浓度铵态氮和磷及吸附时间下对铵态氮和磷的吸附量进行测定和分析。结果显示：小叶黄杨枝条炭具有最大的比表面积和总孔容（分别为76.83 m2·g-1和0.024 6 cm³·g^-1），而‘中山杉’枝条炭的平均孔径最大（4.56 nm）。在傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射光谱上，‘中山杉’枝条炭与小叶黄杨枝条炭呈现较为相似的特征，而前者与玉米秸秆炭有相近的拉曼光谱特征，且其有序石墨化程度高于小叶黄杨枝条炭。玉米秸秆炭的pH值和阳离子交换量显著（P<0.05）高于其他生物炭，‘中山杉’枝条炭具有最低的电导率。元素分析结果显示：‘中山杉’枝条炭中碳含量最高（81.75%），氢碳比最低（0.32）；小叶黄杨枝条炭中氮和总磷的含量最高（分别为2.67%和3.95 g·kg^-1），而玉米秸秆炭中全钾含量最高（16.72 g·kg^-1）。小叶黄杨枝条炭在不同质量浓度铵态氮和磷及吸附时间下，整体具有最大的吸附量，呈现出最优的吸附效果。以上研究结果显示：不同原料类型对生物炭的理化性质具有较明显的影响，其中小叶黄杨枝条炭在铵态氮和磷的吸附上具有突出的效果。因此，可根据实际需求选择合适的生物炭应用于土壤改良和污染物吸附等领域。

To investigate the differences in physical and chemical properties of biochars derived from different materials and their adsorption characteristics for ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus in water, biochars were prepared by using straws of Zea mays Linn., branches of Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’, and branches of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia M. Cheng as feedstocks, and physical and chemical properties of three biochars and their adsorption amounts for ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus under different mass concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus, and adsorption times were measured and analyzed. The results show that branch biochar of B. sinica var. parvifolia possesses the largest specific surface area and total pore volume （which are 76.83 m2·g-1 and 0.024 6 cm³·g^-1, respectively）, while branch biochar of T. ‘Zhongshanshan’ has the largest average pore diameter （4.56 nm）. On Fourier transform. infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, branch biochar of T. ‘Zhongshanshan’ and branch biochar of B. sinica var. parvifolia show similar characteristics, whereas branch biochar of T. ‘Zhongshanshan’ shows similar Raman spectroscopy features with straw biochar of Z. mays, and it exhibits a higher degree of ordered graphitization than branch biochar of B. sinica var. parvifolia. Straw biochar of Z. mays has significantly （P<0.05） higher pH value and cation exchange capacity than the other biochars, while branch biochar of T. ‘Zhongshanshan’ has the lowest electric conductivity. The element analysis result shows that branch biochar of T. ‘Zhongshanshan’ has the highest carbon content （81.75%） and the lowest hydrogen/carbon ratio （0.32）; branch biochar of B. sinica var. parvifolia shows the highest nitrogen and total phosphorus contents （which are 2.67% and 3.95 g·kg^-1, respectively）, while straw biochar of Z. mays has the highest total potassium content （16.72 g·kg^-1）. Branch biochar of B. sinica var. parvifolia exhibits the highest adsorption amount under different mass concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus, and adsorption times in general, indicating superior adsorption performance. These research results suggest that different feedstock types have evident impacts on the physical and chemical properties of biochar, among which branch biochar of B. sinica var. parvifolia has outstanding adsorption effects for ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, suitable biochar can be selected based on practical needs for applications in fields including soil improvement and pollutant adsorption.