为探究云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区杜鹃花属（Rhododendron Linn.）植物的物种多样性、区系特征和垂直分布格局，对该保护区内的杜鹃花属植物开展了系统调查。结果显示：该保护区有杜鹃花属植物94种（含70种、8亚种、16变种），隶属于3亚属25组（亚组）。不同亚属中，常绿杜鹃亚属〔subgen. Hymenanthes （Bl.) K. Koch〕有60种（含种下等级，下同），占比64%，杜鹃亚属（subgen. Rhododendron K. Koch）有33种，占比35%，马银花亚属（subgen. Azaleastrum Planch. ex K. Koch）仅有1种，占比1%。不同组（亚组）中，大理杜鹃亚组（subsect. Taliensia Sleumer）、火红杜鹃亚组（subsect. Neriiflora Sleumer）和高山杜鹃亚组〔subsect. Lapponica (Balf. f.) Sleumer〕种类较为丰富，分别有24、11和11种。此外，裂毛杜鹃（R. × sinosimulans D. F. Chamb.）为云南省分布新记录种。从分布区类型看，亚属水平分为2个分布型，组和亚组水平分为8个分布型，保护区杜鹃花属植物的物种组成与中国东部、川西山地和喜马拉雅地理单元联系密切。保护区内的杜鹃花属植物分布在2 100~5 000 m的垂直海拔带上，其中，分布在海拔3 500~4 000 m的种类最丰富，占总种数的71.3%。半数杜鹃花属植物在阳坡和阴坡都有分布，近20%种类处于受威胁状态。综上，云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区杜鹃花属植物种类丰富，地理分布类型多样；海拔梯度引起的环境变化是影响该保护区内杜鹃花属植物垂直分布格局的主要原因。

To investigate the species diversity, floristic characteristics, and vertical distribution patterns of Rhododendron Linn. in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province, a systematic investigation of Rhododendron Linn. was conducted in the reserve. The results show that there are 94 Rhododendron in the reserve （including 70 species, 8 subspecies, and 16 varieties）, belonging to 25 sections （subsections） of 3 subgenera. Among different subgenera, the subgen. Hymenanthes  (Bl.) K. Koch comprises 60 species (including infraspecies, the same below), accounting for 64%, the subgen. Rhododendron K. Koch comprises 33 species, accounting for 35%, and the subgen. Azaleastrum Planch. ex K. Koch has only 1 species, accounting for 1%. Among different sections （subsections）, the species of subsect. Taliensia Sleumer, subsect. Neriiflora Sleumer, and subsect. Lapponica (Balf. f.) Sleumer are relatively abundant, which are 24, 11, and 11 species, respectively. Additionally, R. × sinosimulans D. F. Chamb. is a newly recorded species in Yunnan Province. In terms of arealtypes, the subgenus level is divided into 2 distribution types, while the section and subsection levels are divided into 8 distribution types, and the species composition of Rhododendron in the reserve is closely related to the geographical units of eastern China, the western Sichuan mountains, and the Himalayas. Rhododendron in the reserve are distributed along a vertical elevation range of 2 100-5 000 m, among which, the species are the most abundant at elevations of 3 500-4 000 m, accounting for 71.3% of the total species. Half of the Rhododendron are distributed on both sunny and shady slopes, and nearly 20% of the species are under a threatened status. In conclusion, the Rhododendron in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province is rich with diverse geographical distribution types; environmental changes caused by elevation gradients are the main factors influencing the vertical distribution patterns of Rhododendron in the reserve.