测定了浙江省（富阳的龙王坎、碧东山和五尖山以及临安的方山）4个蜡梅〔Chimonanthus praecox （Linn.） Link〕野生种群种实11个表型性状及土壤元素含量和pH值；在此基础上，对表型性状进行相关性分析和主成分分析，对供试种群进行聚类分析，并进行了表型性状与土壤相关因子的灰色关联度分析。结果表明：在11个表型性状中，除种子千粒质量外，种群间其他表型性状均有显著或极显著差异，其中，富阳碧东山种群的多项指标值均最大；各表型性状的变异系数差异明显（6.97％～45.72％，均值为19.98％），按变异程度由大到小依次排序为单果种子数、单果质量、单果果壳质量、果实长、果实宽、果形系数、果口直径、种形系数、种子宽、种子长、种子千粒质量；种群间表型分化系数均值为14.83％；11个表型性状中，种形系数和种子千粒质量与其他表型性状的相关性均较小，而果实长、果实宽、果口直径、单果质量、单果果壳质量和单果种子数间均存在极显著相关性。4个种群的土壤元素含量差异明显，土壤均呈弱碱性；各表型性状与同一土壤因子的关联度系数差异较小，但不同土壤因子与同一表型性状的关联度系数差异明显，关联度系数均值从大到小依次为pH值、Na含量、K含量、Cu含量、Mn含量、Ca含量、Mg含量、N含量、Fe含量、P含量、Zn含量。主成分分析结果表明：单果果壳质量、果实宽、单果质量、果实长、种子长、种形系数和种子千粒质量对蜡梅野生种群种实表型性状变异起主要作用。通过聚类分析，可将供试4个蜡梅野生种群分为3组，其中，临安方山和富阳龙王坎2个种群归为一组，另2个种群各自独立成组，聚类分析结果与种群间的地理距离无关。研究结果表明：浙江省蜡梅野生种群种实表型性状变异丰富，以种群内变异占主导地位，遗传特性是其表型性状变异的主要因子，且表型性状变异与多个土壤因子的综合作用相关。

Eleven phenotypic traits of seed and fruit， soil element contents and pH value of four wild populations of Chimonanthus praecox （Linn.） Link in Zhejiang Province （Longwangkan， Bidongshan and Wujianshan of Fuyang， and Fangshan of Lin’an） were measured. On this basis， analyses on correlation and principal component of phenotypic traits， cluster analysis on tested populations, and grey correlation degree analysis on phenotypic traits with soil related factors were conducted. The results show that in eleven phenotypic traits， there are significant or extremely significant differences in other phenotypic traits except 1 000-grain weight of seed among populations， in which， multiple index values of population from Bidongshan of Fuyang are the largest， its coefficient of each phenotypic trait variation shows an obvious difference （6.97％-45.72％， with average of 19.98％）， according to variation degree， the list from big to small is seed number per fruit， weight per fruit， pericarp weight per fruit， fruit length， fruit width， coefficient of fruit form， fruit gap diameter， coefficient of seed form， seed width， seed length， 1 000-grain weight of seed； average of phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 14.83％ among populations； in eleven phenotypic traits， there is a less correlation of coefficient of seed form. and 1 000-grain weight of seed with other phenotypic traits， while there are extremely significant correlations among fruit length， fruit width， fruit gap diameter， weight per fruit， pericarp weight per fruit， and seed number per fruit. Soil element contents of four populations show an obvious difference， the soil is weakly alkaline. The difference of correlation degree coefficient of each phenotypic trait with the same soil factor is small， but that is obvious with different soil factors， and average of correlation degree coefficient from big to small is pH value， Na content， K content， Cu content， Mn content， Ca content， Mg content， N content， Fe content， P content， Zn content. The principal component analysis result shows that pericarp weight per fruit， fruit width， weight per fruit， fruit length， seed length， coefficient of seed form， and 1 000grain weight of seed play a major role in seed and fruit phenotypic trait variation of wild populations of C. praecox. According to cluster analysis， four wild populations of C. praecox tested can be classified into three groups， in which， two populations from Fangshan of Lin’an and Longwangkan of Fuyang can be classified in one group， other two groups are independently grouped， the cluster analysis result shows no connection with geographical distance of populations. It is suggested that there are rich phenotypic trait variation in seed and fruit of wild populations of C. praecox in Zhejiang Province， variation within population is dominant， and hereditary character is the main factor of phenotypic trait variation， and phenotypic trait variation is associated with the synthesis action of multiple soil factors.