为探究薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis （Wangenh.） K. Koch〕对炭疽菌（Colletotrichum spp.）的防御反应并筛选防治药剂，对安徽定远县的薄壳山核桃炭疽病病原菌进行分离、纯化和鉴定，分析薄壳山核桃受此病原菌侵染后体内活性氧含量、抗氧化酶活性以及防御相关基因表达量的变化，比较8个薄壳山核桃品种对该病原菌的抗性，并分析不同药剂对该病原菌的毒力。结果显示：结合形态学和分子生物学，将安徽定远县薄壳山核桃炭疽病病叶中分离出的CZ102菌株鉴定为果生刺盘孢（Colletotrichum fructicola）。CZ102侵染后，薄壳山核桃叶片H₂O₂和O^-2含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性整体上显著（P＜0.05）升高。防御相关基因RBOHD、LRR-RLK、PTI6、GPX的相对表达量在CZ102侵染后0~24 h持续显著升高，在侵染后36 h显著降低，PR-10的相对表达量在侵染后0~36 h持续显著升高。在CZ102侵染后，‘仪征10号’（‘Yizheng No. 10’）和‘肖肖尼’（‘Shoshoni’）高度抗病，‘斯图尔特’（‘Stuart’）、‘肖尼’（‘Shawnee’）和‘马罕’（‘Mahan’）中度感病，‘波尼’（‘Pawnee’）、‘Nacono’和‘福克特’（‘Forkert’）高度感病。多菌灵对CZ102的抑制效果最好，咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、甲基硫菌灵和吡唑醚菌酯的抑制效果较好。综上，不同薄壳山核桃品种对果生刺盘孢的抗性不同，在果园栽培管理上应尽量避免大面积种植高度感病品种；并且，可选用多菌灵、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、甲基硫菌灵和吡唑醚菌酯防治果生刺盘孢引起的薄壳山核桃炭疽病。

To explore the defense response of Carya illinoinensis （Wangenh.） K. Koch to Colletotrichum spp. and screen control agents, the pathogen of C. illinoinensis anthracnose in Dingyuan County of Anhui Province was isolated, purified, and identified, the variations in reactive oxygen species contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and expressions of defense-related genes in C. illinoinensis after infection by this pathogen were analyzed, the resistance of eight C. illinoinensis cultivars to the pathogen was compared, and the toxicity of different fungicides against the pathogen was analyzed. The results show that based on morphology and molecular biology, the CZ102 strain isolated from the diseased leaf of C. illinoinensis anthracnose in Dingyuan County of Anhui Province is identified as Colletotrichum fructicola. After infection by CZ102, the contents of H₂O₂ and O^-2 and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in C. illinoinensis leaves significantly （P＜0.05） increase in general. The relative expressions of defense-related genes RBOHD, LRRRLK, PTI6, and GPX continue to significantly increase from 0 to 24 h after infection by CZ102 and significantly decrease at 36 h after infection, while the relative expression of PR-10 continues to significantly increase from 0 to 36 h after infection. After infection by CZ102, ‘Yizheng No. 10- and ‘Shoshoni’ are highly resistant, ‘Stuart’, ‘Shawnee’, and ‘Mahan’ are moderately susceptible, and ‘Pawnee’, ‘Nacono’, and ‘Forkert’ are highly susceptible. Carbendazim has the best inhibitory effect on CZ102, while prochloraz, tebuconazole, thiophanatemethyl, and pyraclostrobin show good inhibitory effects. In conclusion, different C. illinoinensis cultivars have different resistances to C. fructicola, and large-scale planting of highly susceptible cultivars should be avoided in orchard cultivation management. Moreover, carbendazim, prochloraz, tebuconazole, thiophanatemethyl, and pyraclostrobin can be used to control C. illinoinensis anthracnose caused by C. fructicola.