为明确核桃(Juglans regia L.)种仁中粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量的遗传特性,分别对品种‘元林’ (母本)和‘青林’(父本)及其杂交后代群体种仁的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量及其遗传参数进行了测定及分析;并在此基础上,比较分析了 15 个优选单株种仁的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量以及种仁油的脂肪酸组成。 结果显示: ‘元林’和‘青林’及其杂交后代群体种仁中粗蛋白质含量均值分别为17.61% 、19. 28% 和 19. 70% ,变异系数分别为 4. 25% 、7. 99% 和18. 75% ;粗脂肪含量均值分别为 61. 03% 、59. 28% 和 57. 61% ,变异系数分别为 10. 54% 、4. 93% 和 9. 56% 。 杂交后代群体种仁的粗蛋白质及粗脂肪含量的各遗传参数均有较大差异;单株间粗蛋白质含量差异极显著(P≤0. 01),遗传力(H² )和 相 对 遗 传 增 益(⊿G’)分别为 0. 93 和 33. 12% ;粗 脂肪含量差异显著(P≤0. 05),H²和 ⊿G’分别为0. 92 和 19. 06% 。 15 个优选单株种仁的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量分别为 15. 78% ~ 25. 22% 和 50. 41% ~ 64. 69% ,其中,单株 6-7、5-19 和 3-19 的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量均较高。 优选单株种仁油由亚油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸和花生酸组成,以亚油酸相对含量最高(61. 57% ),不饱和脂肪酸总相对含量达87. 48% 。 研究结果表明:与亲本相比,核桃杂交后代种仁的粗蛋白质含量较高、粗脂肪含量较低;对杂交后代进行 良单株筛选可获得粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量较高的遗传增益。

 

In order to definite the genetic characters of crude protein and crude fat contents in kernel of walnut (Juglans regia L.), contents of crude protein and crude fat and their genetic parameters in kernel of cultivars ‘Yuanlin’ ( female), ‘ Qinglin’ ( male) and their hybrid progeny group were determined and analyzed. And on this basis, crude protein and crude fat contents and fatty acid components in kernel oil of fifteen superior individuals were also comparatively analyzed. The results show that the average value of crude protein content in kernel of ‘ Yuanlin’ and ‘ Qinglin’ and their hybrid progeny group is 17. 61% , 19. 28% and 19. 70% with variation coefficient of 4. 25% , 7. 99% and 18. 75% , respectively, and that of their crude fat content is 61. 03% , 59. 28% and 57. 61% with variation coefficient of 10. 54% , 4. 93% and 9. 56% , respectively. There is great difference among genetic parameters between crude protein content and crude fat content of hybrid progeny group. The difference of crude protein content among progeny individuals is extremely significant (P≤0. 01) and its heritability (H²) and relative genetic gain (⊿G’) is 0. 93 and 33. 12% , respectively. And the difference of crude fat content is significant ( P ≤0. 05 ) and its H² and ⊿G’ is 0. 92 and 19. 06% , respectively. The contents of crude protein and crude fat in kernel of fifteen superior individuals are 15. 78% -25. 22% and 50. 41% -64. 69%, respectively. In which, crude protein and crude fat contents of individuals 6-7, 5-19 and 3-19 all are higher. Kernel oil of superior individuals is composed of linoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid and arachidic acid, in which, relative content of linoleic acid is the highest (61. 57% ), and that of unsaturated fatty acid is up to 87. 48% . It is suggested that the crude protein content in kernel of walnut hybrid progenies is higher but crude fat content is lower as compared to the parents. The higher genetic gain of contents of crude protein and crude fat should be obtained by selecting superior individuals from these hybrid progenies.