Changes in anatomical structures of longitudinal section during processes of seed germination and protocorm development of Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng were observed. The results show that embryo of D. huoshanense seed breaks through seed coat after water swelling， and protocorm is formed by four morphological changes of proembryo， globular embryo， heart-shaped embryo and torpedoshaped embryo after culturing for 30 d. Apical meristem of protocorm can be evidently divided into tunica layer L1， tunica layer L2， and corpus layer L3 from outside to inside， and its development follows the “tunica-corpus theory”. Structure of protocorm has polarity， and the end away from embryo suspensor is able to differentiate leaf primordium， then develops into cotyledon， meanwhile, the other end grows many white villous rhizoids， and protocorm stage enters rhizome stage with increasing of vascular bundles inside it； when the rhizome gradually becomes larger， vascular bundles in rhizome extend to the basal part and form. vascular bundles in root， and develop into 3-5 adventitious roots， then form. an intact plant.