采用实地调查法对伏牛山南坡23 个样地和北坡15 个样地内的乔木、灌木和草本种类数以及乔木的Margalef 指数和Shannon-Wiener 指数进行了统计分析和计算;在此基础上,运用典范对应分析(CCA)法筛选出影响南、北坡 植物物种多样性的主要生态因子并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:南坡每个样地乔木、灌木和草本种类数的平均 值分别为8. 3、8. 6 和9. 5,北坡分别为5. 4、7. 5 和11. 1;在海拔1 645 ~1 870 m 范围内,南坡样地的乔木、灌木和草 本种类数均多于北坡样地。影响伏牛山南、北坡植物物种多样性的主要生态因子均为9 个,它们之间略有差异但 均可分为地形、气象和土壤3 大类因子。相关性分析结果显示:北坡乔木的种类数、Margalef 指数和Shannon-Wiener 指数与土壤厚度均呈极显著(P<0. 01)正相关,与海拔呈极显著负相关;而南坡乔木的Margalef 指数和Shannon-Wiener 指数与土壤有机质含量呈极显著正相关。北坡草本种类数与大气温度以及土壤有机质和碱解氮含量均呈极显著或显著(P<0. 05)正相关;而南坡草本种类数则与海拔、土壤厚度和土壤有机质含量呈极显著或显著正相关,与坡度、阴阳坡和大气湿度呈显著或极显著负相关。除北坡的灌木种类数与坡向呈显著正相关外,南、北坡灌木种类数与9 个主要生态因子的相关性均不显著。说明伏牛山南、北坡的乔木多样性主要与土壤厚度和有机质含量等土壤性状因子有关,草本多样性则与局地小气候因子关系密切,而影响灌木多样性变化的主要生态因子并不明确。

By means of investigation method, the statistical analysis and calculation on species number of arbor, shrub and herb in 23 plots on south slope and 15 plots on north slope of Fu’niu Mountain, as well as Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indexes of arbor were carried out. On these bases, the main ecological factors influencing on species diversity of south and north slopes were screened out by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and the correlation was also analyzed. The results show that average species number of arbor, shrub and herb per plot on south slope is 8. 3, 8. 6 and 9. 5, respectively, while that on north slope is 5. 4, 7. 5 and 11. 1, respectively. At altitude of 1 645-1 870 m, species number of arbor, shrub and herb in plots on south slope is more than that on north slope. There are nine main ecological factors influencing on species diversity of both slopes of Fu’niu Mountain, which has a slight variance between two slopes but all can be divided into three types of topography, meteorology and soil. Correlation analysis result indicates that species number, Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indexes of arbor on north slope appear extremely significantly positive correlation (P <0. 01) with soil thickness, and extremely significantly negative correlation with altitude, while Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indexes of arbor on south slope appear extremely significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter content. Herb species number on north slope appears extremely significantly or significantly (P<0. 05) positive correlation with air temperature, soil organic matter content and available nitrogen content, while that on south slope appears extremely significantly or significantly positive correlation with altitude, soil thickness and organic matter content, and significantly or extremely significantly negative correlation with slope, sunny and shady slope and air humidity. Except shrub species number on north slope appears significantly positive correlation with aspect, that on both slopes has no significant correlation with nine main ecological factors. It means that arbor diversity on south and north slopes of Fu’niu Mountain mainly has correlation with soil property such as soil thickness and organic matter content, etc, while herb diversity has close correlation with local microlimate factors, but main ecological factors influencing on shrub diversity have not been definited yet.