为探究光质对细叶石仙桃（Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe）生长、生理和次生代谢的影响，研究了红光、黄光、绿光、蓝光4种单色光处理以及红蓝光比例1∶4、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、4∶1 5种复色光处理下细叶石仙桃组培苗生长、分化、生理指标及次生代谢产物含量的差异，并对最佳光质处理下的细叶石仙桃组培苗假鳞茎进行转录组分析。结果表明：红蓝光比例1∶2处理下细叶石仙桃组培苗分化芽多、长势最好、鲜质量增加最多，其假鳞茎中总黄酮、总酚和联苄类含量最高且显著（P<0.05)高于白光（对照）处理，增幅分别为23.59%、26.22%和34.41%。与白光处理相比，细叶石仙桃组培苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶活性在红蓝光比例1∶4处理下最高，增幅为12.34%；过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在绿光处理下最高，增幅分别为182.34%和65.43%；苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性在红光处理下最高，增幅为28.66%；可溶性蛋白质含量在红蓝光比例1∶1处理下最高，增幅为22.90%；可溶性糖含量在红光处理下最高，增幅为33.76%。对细叶石仙桃组培苗10项指标的主成分分析和综合评价结果显示红蓝光比例1∶2为最佳光质。转录组分析结果显示：白光和红蓝光比例1∶2处理下细叶石仙桃组培苗假鳞茎中共有764个差异表达unigene；通过GO数据库，共有409个差异表达unigene被注释到生物过程、细胞成分和分子功能3大类69个条目中；通过KEGG数据库，共有21个差异表达基因被显著富集到4条KEGG通路中。红蓝光比例1∶2处理下，富集到角质、木栓质和蜡质生物合成通路的差异表达基因CYP86A1、CYP86B1、FAR、HHT和CER1的表达量均较白光处理显著提高；富集到黄酮类化合物、二苯乙烯、二芳基庚烷和姜酚生物合成通路的差异表达基因中C4H、CHS、F3H的表达量也有所提高，而CCoAOMT的表达量下降。综合上述，推测红蓝光比例1∶2处理通过提高细叶石仙桃组培苗超氧化物歧化酶活性和可溶性糖含量以及上调角质、木栓质和蜡质生物合成中CYP86A1、CYP86B1、FAR、HHT和CER1表达促进植株生长，3种次生代谢产物含量的升高与黄酮类化合物、二苯乙烯、二芳基庚烷和姜酚生物合成通路中C4H、CHS、F3H上调表达有一定关系。

  To investigate the effects of light quality on the growth, physiology, and secondary metabolism of Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe, the differences in growth, differentiation, physiological indexes, and the content of secondary metabolites in tissue-cultured seedlings of P. cantonensis under four monochromatic light treatments of red light, yellow light, green light, and blue light as well as five mixed light treatments with the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶4, 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1, and 4∶1 were studied. Additionally, transcriptome analysis was performed on the pseudobulbs of tissue-cultured seedlings of P. cantonensis under the optimal light quality treatment. The results indicate that under the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶2 treatment, the tissuecultured seedlings of P. cantonensis exhibit the many differentiated buds, best growth, and the greatest increase in fresh mass, and the pseudobulbs show the highest contents of total flavonoids, total phenols, and bibenzyls, which are significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the white light (the control) treatment, with increases of 23.59%, 26.22%, and 34.41%, respectively. Compared to the white light treatment, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the leaves of P. cantonensis tissue-cultured seedlings is the highest under the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶4 treatment, with an increase of 12.34%; the activities of peroxidase and catalase are the highest under the green light treatment, showing increases of 182.34% and 65.43%, respectively; the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is the highest under the red light treatment, with an increase of 28.66%; the content of soluble protein is the highest under the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶1 treatment, exhibiting an increase of 22.90%; the content of soluble sugar is the highest under the red light treatment, with an increase of 33.76%. The results of principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of ten indexes of tissue-cultured seedlings of P. cantonensis indicate that the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶2 is the optimal light quality. The result of transcriptome analysis reveals that a total of 764 differentially expressed unigenes are identified in the pseudobulbs of tissue-cultured seedlings of P. cantonensis under white light and the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶2 treatments. Using the GO database, 409 differentially expressed unigenes are annotated into 69 terms across three main categories: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Using the KEGG database, 21 differentially expressed genes are significantly enriched in four KEGG pathways. Under the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶2 treatment, the expressions of the differential expressed genes CYP86A1, CYP86B1, FAR, HHT, and CER1, which are involved in the cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathway, are significantly increased compared to the white light treatment; the expressions of differential expressed genes C4H, CHS, and F3H, which are associated with the flavonoid, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis pathways are also increased, while the expression of CCoAOMT is decreased. In summary, the ratio of red to blue light of 1∶2 treatment promotes the growth of P. cantonensis tissue-cultured seedlings by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of soluble sugar, as well as up-regulating the expressions of CYP86A1, CYP86B1, FAR, HHT, and CER1 are involved in the cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, and the increase in the contents of three secondary metabolites is likely correlated with the up-regulation of C4H, CHS, and F3H in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoid, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol.