以甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)为化学诱变剂，对体积分数1.0%(T1)、1.2%(T2)、1.4%(T3)、1.6%(T4)EMS诱变处理后黄蜀葵〔Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medik.〕植株表型性状和花黄酮类成分含量差异进行比较，对单株花产量和花黄酮类成分含量与植株表型性状进行相关性分析，并基于单株花总黄酮产量进行优株筛选。结果表明：与对照组(体积分数0.0%EMS)相比，EMS处理组黄蜀葵株型变为接近丛生或丛生，叶裂片细长，花冠较小。4个EMS处理组黄蜀葵的株高较对照组显著(P＜0.05)降低，茎粗与对照组差异不显著；随着EMS体积分数增加，叶片长、叶片宽、叶裂片长、叶裂片宽总体上先降低后升高，其中，体积分数1.4%和1.6%EMS处理组的叶片长、叶片宽、叶裂片长、叶裂片宽均高于或显著高于对照组；4个EMS处理组的花直径和花瓣宽低于或显著低于对照组，花瓣长和始花节数与对照组差异不显著，但体积分数1.4%和1.6%EMS处理组的单株开花数和单株花产量显著高于对照组。与对照组相比，4个EMS处理组花中6个黄酮类成分及总黄酮含量多无显著变化，仅体积分数1.0%和1.4%EMS处理组的棉皮素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷含量以及体积分数1.0%EMS处理组的槲皮素-3′-O-葡萄糖苷含量显著升高。相关性分析结果显示：单株花产量与茎粗、叶片长、叶裂片长、始花节数和蒴果长显著正相关，与单株开花数极显著(P＜0.01)正相关，而花中6个黄酮类成分和总黄酮含量与植株表型性状多无显著相关性。优株筛选结果显示：编号T3-3、T4-5、T3-1和T1-3植株的单株花总黄酮产量均在65 g以上，排名前4。总体来看，体积分数1.4%EMS的诱变效果最佳；并且，编号T3-3、T4-5、T3-1和T1-3单株可作为黄蜀葵高花总黄酮产量的优株。

 Taking ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen, the differences in plant phenotypic traits and flower flavonoids contents in Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medik.  were compared after EMS mutagenesis treatment with volume fractions of 1.0%(T1), 1.2%(T2), 1.4%(T3), and 1.6%(T4), the correlations of flower yield per plant and flower flavonoids contents with plant phenotypic traits were analyzed, and the superior strains were screened based on flower total flavonoids yield per plant. The results show that compared with the control group (EMS with volume fraction of 0.0%), the plant type of A. manihot in the EMS treatment groups changes to close to bushy or bushy, with elongated leaf lobes and smaller corollas. The plant height of A. manihot in the four EMS treatment groups is significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in the control group, but there is no significant difference in stem diameter from the control group; with the increase of volume fraction of EMS, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf lobe length, and leaf lobe width first decrease and then increase in general, among which, the four traits of 1.4% and 1.6% (volume fraction) EMS treatment groups are all higher or significantly higher than those of the control group; the flower diameter and petal width of the four EMS treatment groups are lower or significantly lower than those of the control group, the petal length and number of initial flower nodes show no significant difference from the control group, but the number of flowers per plant and flower yield per plant of 1.4% and 1.6% (volume fraction) EMS treatment groups are significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, there are no significant variations in contents of the six flavonoids and total flavonoids in flowers of the four EMS treatment groups, and only the content of gossypitin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide in 1.0% and 1.4% (volume fraction) EMS treatment groups and the content of quercetin-3′-O-glucoside in 1.0% (volume fraction) EMS treatment group increase significantly. The correlation analysis result shows that flower yield per plant shows significant positive correlations with stem diameter, leaf length, leaf lobe length, number of initial flower nodes,  and capsule length, and an extremely significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with number of flowers per plant, however,  the contents of the six flavonoids  and total flavonoids in flowers have no significant correlations with plant phenotypic traits in general. The superior strain screening result shows that the flower total flavonoids yields per plant of T3-3, T4-5, T3-1, and T1-3 individuals are above 65 g, ranking the top four. Overall, the mutagenic effect of 1.4% EMS (volume fraction) is the best, and  T3-3, T4-5, T3-1, and T1-3 individuals can be considered as superior strains of A. manihot with high flower total flavonoids yield.