为了筛选出茶梅（Camellia sasanqua Thunb.）核心种质构建的适宜方法并对构建的核心种质进行有效性评价，以中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所山茶种质资源圃中保存的216个茶梅品种为研究对象，对其45个表型性状进行系统调查。采用不同取样比例（10%、20%和30%）、取样方法（优先取样法结合多次聚类随机取样法、优先取样法结合多次聚类变异度取样法和完全随机取样法）和聚类方法（最短距离法、最长距离法、中间距离法、重心法、不加权平均法、可变类平均法、可变法和离差平方和法）构建茶梅核心种质，并利用多样性指数、表型保留比率和表型频率方差对构建的核心种质进行评价。结果显示：茶梅核心种质构建的适宜方法为采用优先取样法结合多次聚类变异度取样法取样，取样比例为20%，并采用重心法聚类。利用该方法构建的茶梅初级核心种质包含43个品种，其总体表型性状的多样性指数（1.074）高于总群体，表型保留比率达0.978，表型频率方差为0.063。说明采用适宜方法构建的茶梅初级核心种质能够有效代表茶梅总群体的遗传多样性。

To screen out a suitable method for constructing the core collection of Camellia sasanqua Thunb. and to evaluate the effectiveness of the constructed core collection, 216 C. sasanqua cultivars preserved in camellia germplasm resources nursery of Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry were taken as research objects, and 45 phenotypic traits were systematically investigated. The core collection of C. sasanqua was constructed by using different sampling ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%), sampling methods (priority sampling method combined with multiple clustering random sampling method, priority sampling method combined with multiple clustering variability sampling method, and complete random sampling method), and clustering methods (single linkage method, complete linkage method, median method, centroid method, unweighted average method, variable average method, lexible method, and ward's method), and the constructed core collection was evaluated by using diversity index, phenotypic retention ratio, and phenotypic frequency variance. The results show that the suitable method for constructing the core collection of C. sasanqua is priority sampling method combined with multiple clustering variability sampling method, the sampling ratio is 20%, and the clustering method is centroid method. The primary core collection of C. sasanqua constructed using this method includes 43 cultivars, the diversity index of its total phenotypic traits (1.074) is higher than that of the total population, the phenotypic retention ratio reaches 0.978, and the phenotypic frequency variance is 0.063. It indicates that the primary core collection of C. sasanqua constructed by the suitable method can effectively represent the genetic diversity of the total population of C. sasanqua.