采用 RAPD 标记技术对分布于江苏小九华山、小汤山和湖山,安徽金寨和芜湖以及湖北保康和英山的 7 个南苍术[Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.]野生居群的 28 个单株基因组总 DNA 进行 PCR 扩增,在此基础上分析居群的遗传多样性及遗传分化,并采用聚类分析法对居群的遗传关系进行分析。 结果表明:用 18 条 RAPD 引物共扩增出 193 条带,其中多态性条带 111 条,多态性条带百分率(PPB)为 57. 51% ;平均每条引物扩增出 10. 72 条带,其中多态性条带 6. 17 条。 从省级水平看,安徽居群的 PPB、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’ s 基因多样性指数( H)和 Shannon 信息指数(I)均最低,而湖北居群的 Ne、H 和 I 均最高,但江苏居群的 PPB 最高;从居群水平看,湖北保康居群的 PPB、Ne、H 和 I 均最高,而安徽金寨居群均最低。 7 个 居群的基因分化系数和基因流分别为0. 206 5 和 1.921 5,说明 7 个居群总遗传变异的 20. 65% 存在于居群间、79. 35% 存在于居群内。 7 个居群间的遗传距离为 0.150 7 ~ 0. 252 1,其中,安徽金寨和芜湖居群间最小(0. 150 7),江苏湖山和安徽芜湖居群间最大(0. 252 1)。 基于遗传距离的聚类分析结果表明:7 个居群可分为 2 组,湖北保康居群单独成组,其他 6 个居群聚为另一组;来自同一居群的单株均聚在一起。 研究结果提示:南苍术居群间的遗传多样性较低,居群间无明显的遗传分化。

By means of RAPD marker, PCR amplification of genomic total DNA of 28 individuals in seven wild populations of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. distributing in Xiaojiuhuashan, Xiaotangshan and Hushan of Jiangsu Province, Jinzhai and Wuhu of Anhui Province and Baokang and Yingshan of Hubei Province was carried out. On this basis, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of these populations were analyzed, and their genetic relationship was also analyzed by cluster analysis method. The results show that 193 bands are amplified by 18 RAPD primers, in which there are 111 polymorphic bands with a polymorphic band percentage (PPB) of 57. 51% . Average band number amplified by one primer is 10. 72 bands, in which there are 6. 17 polymorphic bands. On provincial level, PPB, effective alleles number ( Ne ), Nei’ s gene diversity index ( H) and Shannon’ s information index ( I) of populations of Anhui Province all are the lowest, while Ne, H and I of populations of Hubei Province all are the highest, but PPB of populations of Jiangsu Province is the highest. On population level, PPB, Ne, H and I of Baokang population of Hubei Province all are the highest, while those of Jinzhai population of Anhui Province all are the lowest. Gene differentiation coefficient and gene flow of seven populations is 0. 206 5 and 1. 912 5, respectively, indicating that 20. 65% of overall genetic variation of seven populations exists among populations and 79. 35% within populations. Genetic distance among seven populations is 0. 150 7-0. 252 1, in which, that between populations of Jinzhai and Wuhu of Anhui Province is the smallest (0. 150 7) and that between populations of Hushan of Jiangsu Province and Wuhu of Anhui Province is the biggest (0. 252 1). Cluster analysis result according to genetic distance shows that seven populations can be divided into two groups, only population of Baokang of Hubei is alone in a group and the other six populations are clustered in another group. And all of individuals from the same population can be clustered together. It is suggested that genetic diversity among A. lancea populations is lower and there is no obvious genetic differentiation among populations.