为探究福建闽江河口湿地治理互花米草（Spartina alterniflora Loisel.）后种植的乡土植物芦苇〔Phragmites australis （Cav.） Trin. ex Steud.〕、短叶茳芏〔Cyperus malaccensis subsp. monophyllus （Vahl） T. Koyama〕、秋茄树（Kandelia obovata Sheue et al.）根际微生物群落结构，分析3种植物潜在的生态修复功能，采用高通量测序技术对3种植物根际土壤及光滩（对照）土壤微生物进行测序，并分析微生物群落的结构和功能。结果表明：光滩土壤的细菌和真菌特有分类操作单元（OTU）数高于3种植物根际土壤。细菌群落中，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）在4个土壤样本中的相对丰度接近（平均相对丰度32.75%）；芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）在3种植物根际土壤中的相对丰度显著（P＜0.05）高于光滩土壤；黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）在秋茄树根际土壤中的相对丰度显著高于另3个土壤样本。真菌群落中，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）在3种植物根际土壤中占主导地位，相对丰度均显著高于光滩土壤；真菌属水平的相对丰度在3种植物根际土壤中差异较大。3种植物根际微生物群落α多样性指数整体上与光滩土壤差异显著。光滩土壤的有效硫和速效钾含量显著高于3种植物根际土壤，而速效磷含量在秋茄树根际土壤中最高，硝态氮和铵态氮含量在芦苇根际土壤中最高。根际土壤速效磷和速效钾含量与根际微生物群落4个α多样性指数具有显著或极显著（P＜0.01）相关性。3种植物根际细菌中特化型占比最高（54.26%~57.98%），根际真菌中中性型占比在58%以上；而光滩土壤细菌中中性型占比最高（41.17%），真菌中泛化型占比最高（52.14%）。异质选择是所有土壤样本细菌群落的主要构建过程；3种植物根际真菌群落构建过程以扩散限制为主。与光滩土壤相比，3种植物根际土壤的细菌群落在氮代谢、有机物分解等方面均有提升，其真菌群落中植物病原体真菌相对丰度均有上升。4个土壤样本中的细菌和真菌群落间主要为共生关系。总体而言，3种植物可显著提升土壤微生物多样性，使土壤微生物群落的稳定性和功能发生明显变化。

To explore the rhizosphere microbial community structures of native plants Phragmites australis （Cav.） Trin. ex Steud., Cyperus malaccensis subsp. monophyllus （Vahl） T. Koyama, and Kandelia obovata Sheue et al., planted after the management of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. in Minjiang River estuary wetland of Fujian Province, and analyze the potential ecological restoration functions of these three plants, the microorganism rhizosphere soil of the three plants and the mud flat （control） soil were sequenced by using high-throughput sequencing technology, and the microbial community structures and functions were analyzed. The results show that the numbers of unique operational taxonomic units (OTU) of bacteria and fungi in the mud flat soil are higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of the three plants. In the bacterial community, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria are similar in the four soil samples （the average relative abundance is 32.75%）; the relative abundances of Bacillus in the rhizosphere soil of the three plants are significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in the mud flat soil; the relative abundance of Flavobacterium in the rhizosphere soil of K. obovata is significantly higher than that in the other three soil samples. In the fungal community, Ascomycota is dominant in the rhizosphere soil of the three plants, and the relative abundances are significantly higher than that in the mud flat soil; the variations of relative abundance at the fungal genus level in rhizosphere soil are relatively large among the three plants. The α diversity indexes of rhizosphere microbial communities of the three plants are significantly different from that of the mud flat soil in general. The contents of available sulfur and available potassium in the mud flat soil are significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of the three plants, while the available phosphorus content is the highest in the rhizosphere soil of K. obovata, and the contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are the highest in the rhizosphere soil of P. australis. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil have significant or highly significant （P<0.01） correlations with the four α diversity indexes of rhizosphere microbial community. The proportions of specialist are the highest in the rhizosphere bacteria of the three plants （54.26%-57.98%）, and the proportions of neutral in the rhizosphere fungi are above 58%; while the proportion of neutral in the bacteria is the highest （41.17%） of the mud flat soil, and the proportion of generalist in the fungi is the highest （52.14%）. Heterogeneous selection is the main assembly process of bacterial community in all soil samples; the assembly process of rhizosphere fungal community of the three plants is mainly dispersal limitation. Compared with the mud flat soil, the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of the three plants are enhanced in nitrogen metabolism, organic matter decomposition, etc., and the relative abundances of plantpathogenic fungi in the fungal community all increase. The bacterial and fungal communities in the four soil samples are mainly symbiotic. Overall, the three plants can significantly enhance the soil microbial diversity, and significantly change the stability and function of the soil microbial communities.