采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),对来源于福建省不同产地(福州新店镇、平潭县城关、连城县城关)以及不同生育期(苗期、生长期、果熟期)土荆芥(Chenopodium ambrosioides L.)地上部分精油的化学成分及其相对含量进行了比较分析。结果表明,福州新店镇、平潭县城关和连城县城关产土荆芥精油的主要化学成分(相对含量0. 04%以上)分别有12、11 和27 种,3 个产地的共有成分为11 种;福州新店镇产土荆芥精油中相对含量较高的成分有对-聚伞花素(49. 60%)、α-松油烯(26. 81%)和异驱蛔素(8. 16%)等,平潭县城关产精油中相对含量排在前3 位的成分也为对-聚伞花素(47. 25%)、α-松油烯(27. 27%)和异驱蛔素(8. 82%),连城县城关产精油中相对含量较高的成分有对-聚伞花素(36. 33%)、2,5-二甲基-3-己炔-2,5-二醇(20. 03%)、α-松油烯(12. 71%)和异驱蛔素(3. 07%)等。苗期、生长期和果熟期土荆芥精油的主要成分分别有17、12 和12 种,3 个时期的共有成分为10种;苗期精油中相对含量较高的成分有对-聚伞花素(49. 75%)、异驱蛔素(10. 77%)、1-(1,3-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-基)乙酮(8. 08%)和2,5-二甲基-3-己炔-2,5-二醇(7. 79%)等;生长期精油中相对含量较高的成分有对-聚伞花素(49. 60%)、α-松油烯(26. 81%)和异驱蛔素(8. 16%)等;果熟期精油中相对含量较高的成分有对-聚伞花素(43. 65%)、α-松油烯(24. 09%)和异驱蛔素(19. 12%)等。研究结果显示,产地的地理环境和土荆芥的生育期对福建产土荆芥地上部分精油的化学成分及其相对含量均有一定的影响。

Chemical constituents and their relative content of essential oil from above-ground part of Chenopodium mbrosioides L. in different locations of Fujian Province (Xindian of Fuzhou, Pingtan County, Liancheng County) or at different growth stages (seedling, growing and fruit maturing stages) were comparatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that there are 12, 11 and 27 main chemical constituents (relative content over 0. 04%) in the essential oil from Xindian of Fuzhou, Pingtan County and Liancheng County, respectively and there are 11 common constituents from three locations. From Xindian of Fuzhou the constituents with higher relative content are p-cymene (49. 60%), α-terpinene (26. 81%) and isoascaridole (8. 16%), etc. Also, from Pingtan County the first three constituents with higher relative content are p-cymene (47. 25%), α-terpinene (27. 27%) and isoascaridole (8. 82%). While from Liancheng County the constituents with higher relative content are p-cymene (36. 33%), 2, 5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2, 5-diol (20. 03%), α-terpinene (12. 71%) and isoascaridole (3. 07%), etc. There are 17, 12 and 12 main constituents in the essential oil at seedling, growing and fruit maturing stages, respectively and there are 10 common constituents at three stages. Constituents with higher relative content at seedling stage include p-cymene (49. 75%), isoascaridole (10. 77%), 1-(1,3-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-ethanone (8. 08%) and 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol (7. 79%), etc. Those at growing stage are p-cymene (49. 60%), α-terpinene (26. 81%) and isoascaridole (8. 16%), etc. And constituents at fruit maturing stage are also these three constituents with relative content of 43. 65%, 24. 09% and 19. 12%, respectively. It is suggested that geographical environment of location and growth stage have some influences on chemical constituents and their relative content of essential oil from above-ground part of C. ambrosioides in Fujian Province.