为了建立一套薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch〕种质资源分子鉴别体系，本研究从薄壳山核桃SSR引物库中筛选出10对目的条带清晰、检测结果稳定的引物，对SSR标记进行染色体定位分析，基于66份薄壳山核桃样本叶片总DNA的扩增结果对每个SSR标记的遗传多样性和供试样本的UPGMA聚类结果进行分析，在此基础上筛选核心标记，利用种质信息编码和指纹码构建供试样本的数字指纹。结果表明：供试10个SSR标记位于薄壳山核桃的8条染色体上，其中，Chr05染色体上的标记最多，分别为Ciz023、Ciz064和PM-CIN4，其余染色体上各只有1个标记。供试SSR标记的观测等位基因数为3~9，有效等位基因数为2.0~6.2，Shannon's信息指数为0.923~2.009，观测杂合度为0.000~0.701，期望杂合度为0.492~0.839，多态信息含量为0.482~0.821。聚类结果表明：在遗传相似系数为0.262处，供试66份样本被分成2组，并在遗传相似系数为0.438处，进一步细分为6个亚组。根据10个SSR标记的多态信息含量筛选出4个核心标记，即PM-CIN4、Ciz25、Ciz033和Ciz023，可区分出62份样本。利用种质信息编码和指纹码成功构建了62份样本的数字指纹。综上所述，供试薄壳山核桃样本间的遗传相似性较大，构建的数字指纹能够快速、高效鉴别供试的绝大多数样本。

To establish a molecular identification system for germplasm resources of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, 10 pairs of primers with clear target bands and stable detection results were screened out from the SSR primer library of C. illinoinensis in this study. Chromosomal localization analysis was performed for SSR markers, and the genetic diversity of each SSR marker and UPGMA cluster result of test samples were analyzed based on the amplication result of total DNA in leaves of 66 C. illinoinensis samples. On the basis, the core markers were screened, and the digital fingerprints of test samples were constructed by using germplasm information code and fingerprint code. The results show that the 10 test SSR markers are located on 8 chromosomes of C. illinoinensis, in which, the markers on chromosome Chr05 are the most, which are Ciz023, Ciz064, and PM-CIN4, while there is only one marker on the other chromosomes each. The numbers of observed alleles of test SSR markers are 3-9, the numbers of effective alleles are 2.0-6.2, the Shannon's information indexes are 0.923-2.009, the observed heterozygosities are 0.000-0.701, the expected heterozygosities are 0.492-0.839, and the polymorphism information contents are 0.482-0.821. The cluster result shows that 66 test samples can be divided into 2 groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.262, and can be further divided into 6 subgroups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.438. Four core markers namely PM-CIN4, Ciz25, Ciz033, and Ciz023 are screened out according to the polymorphism information contents of 10 SSR markers, which can identify 62 samples. The digital fingerprint of 62 test samples is successfully constructed by using germplasm information code and fingerprint code. Overall, the genetic similarities among test samples of C. illinoinensis are relatively great, and the constructed digital fingerprints can identify most test samples rapidly and efficiently.