为探究12种必需矿质元素（包括N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo）对铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo）生长及生理指标的影响，以铁皮石斛3个月组培苗为材料，以MS培养基为基础设置全营养对照（CK）、单一缺素处理和缺素恢复处理，分析各处理条件下铁皮石斛的表型特征和生理变化。结果显示：缺N、P、Ca、Cu、Zn处理组铁皮石斛组培苗缺素症状明显，整株的生长状态及叶片和假鳞茎的解剖结构均受到影响；除Zn外，其他元素缺素恢复处理后症状均得到明显改善。缺N、K、Ca、S、Zn处理组假鳞茎长及缺N、Ca处理组的叶片数受抑制明显。除P外，其他元素缺素处理组叶片叶绿素含量明显降低，多数缺素恢复处理组叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量较缺素处理组极显著（P＜0.01）或显著（P＜0.05）升高；缺Fe处理组的叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量的比值明显降低，恢复处理后接近于CK。除Fe外，其他微量元素缺素处理对叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性抑制明显，而缺大量元素处理组的SOD活性均不同程度升高；缺P处理组的过氧化物酶（POD）活性明显降低，而缺N、Mg、S、Mn、Zn、Cu处理组的POD活性明显升高，除Mn外，其他元素缺素恢复处理组的POD活性均升高。缺N、P可大幅提高叶片可溶性糖含量，缺N、Mn、Cu可大幅提高叶片可溶性蛋白质含量。缺N、Cu处理组假鳞茎多糖含量大幅高于CK，Ca、Mo缺素恢复处理组假鳞茎多糖含量较缺素处理组极显著升高；缺Mg处理组假鳞茎总黄酮含量大幅高于CK。综上，在保证铁皮石斛正常生长的前提下，可通过Ca、Mo缺素恢复处理来提高铁皮石斛假鳞茎多糖含量，通过适量缺Mg处理来提高铁皮石斛假鳞茎总黄酮含量。

  To investigate the effects of 12 essential mineral elements (including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo) on the growth and physiological indexes of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, three-month-old tissue culture seedlings of D. officinale were taken as the materials, different treatments namely the control with total nutrition (CK), single element deficiency treatment, and deficiency recovery treatment were set based on MS medium, and the variations of phenotypic characteristics and physiology of D. officinale under each treatment condition were analyzed. The results show that the tissue culture seedlings of D. officinale in the N, P, Ca, Cu, and Zn deficiency treatment groups exhibit evident symptoms of element deficiency, and the growth status of the whole plant as well as the anatomical structures of the leaves and pseudobulbs are affected; except for Zn, the symptoms of deficiency in the other elements show obvious improvement after the recovery treatment. The  pseudobulb length in the N, K, Ca, S, and Zn deficiency treatment groups, as well as the leaf number in the N and Ca deficiency treatment groups, are evidently inhibited. Except for P, the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of the other elements deficiency treatment groups obviously decrease, and the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the leaves of most deficiency recovery treatment groups extremely significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) increase compared with the element deficiency treatment groups; the ratio of chlorophyll a content to chlorophyll b content in the Fe deficiency treatment group obviously decreases, and is close to CK after the recovery treatment. Except for Fe, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the leaves of the other microelement deficiency treatment groups are obviously inhibited, while the SOD activities in the macroelement deficiency treatment groups increase to different degrees; the peroxidase (POD) activity in the P deficiency treatment group obviously decreases, while the POD activities in the N, Mg, S, Mn, Zn, and Cu deficiency treatment groups obviously increase, and except for Mn, the POD activities in the other elements deficiency recovery treatment groups all increase. N and P deficiency can greatly increase the soluble sugar content in leaves, while N, Mn, and Cu deficiency can greatly increase the soluble protein content in leaves. The polysaccharide contents in pseudobulbs of N and Cu deficiency treatment groups are greatly higher than that in CK, and the polysaccharide contents in pseudobulbs of Ca and Mo deficiency recovery treatment groups extremely significantly increase compared with the element deficiency treatment groups; the total flavonoids content in pseudobulbs of Mg deficiency treatment group is greatly higher than that in CK. In conclusion, when ensuring the normal growth of D. officinale, the polysaccharide content in pseudobulbs of D. officinale can be increased through the deficiency recovery of Ca and Mo; the total flavonoids content in pseudobulbs of D. officinale can be increased through appropriate Mg deficiency treatment.