应用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察了中国产藜科(Chenopodiaceae)5 族10 属14 种植物的种子形态和种皮微形态结构。观察结果表明:供试的14 种藜科植物的种子多为卵形和圆形,少数为双凸镜形;种皮表面都具有网状纹饰,包括浅网纹、负网纹和穴状网纹。种皮可分为膜质和壳质2 类,其中,膜质型种皮表面不光滑,除网状纹饰外,还有瘤状或褶皱状等纹饰,网眼无规则,纹饰排列无序,猪毛菜族(Salsoleae C. A. Mey.) 的松叶猪毛菜(Salsola laricifolia Turcz. ex Litv.)及樟味藜族(Camphorosmeae Moq.)的地肤[Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.]、全翅地肤(K. krylovii Litv.)、黑翅地肤(K. melanoptera Bunge)、雾冰藜[Bassia dasyphylla (Fisch. et Mey.) O. Kuntze]、钩刺雾冰藜[B. hyssopifolia (Pall.) O. Kuntze]、樟味藜(Camphorosma monspeliaca L.)、兜藜(Panderia turkestanica Iljin.)和棉藜(Kirilowia eriantha Bunge)均属此类;壳质型种皮表面近光滑,网眼规则,排列整齐有序,少数为不规则浅穴,网脊平而不明显或凹陷,滨藜族(Atripliceae C. A. Mey.)的滨藜也Atriplex patens (Litv.) Iljin.页、碱蓬族(Suaedeae Reich.)的角果碱蓬[Suaeda corniculata (C. A. Mey.) Bunge]、纵翅碱蓬[S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bunge]和异子蓬(Borszczowia aralocaspica Bunge)以及藜族(Chenopodieae C. A. Mey.)的刺藜(Chenopodium aristatum L.)均属此类。各族之间种皮微形态结构也有一定的区别。根据种皮微形态,地肤属(Kochia Roth)与雾冰藜属(Bassia All.)的关系较近,属的界限和部分种类的亲缘关系需要进一步界定。藜科植物种皮表面大部分凹凸不平,这种结构可能与荒漠干旱生境下吸收和保留水分有关。

Seed shape and micro-morphological structure of seed coat of fourteen species belonging to ten genera and five tribes in Chenopodiaceae from China were observed by SEM and LM. Observation results show that most seeds of fourteen species are ovate and circular, and a few seeds are biconvex. There is reticulate ornamentation on the surface of all seeds, which includes shallow reticulate, areolate and foveate reticulate. Seed coat can be divided into two types of membranaceous and crustaceous. Surface ofseed coat with membranaceous type is rough, and has tuberculate and rugose ornamentations besides reticulate ornamentation, mesh is irregular and ornamentation arranges disorder. All seeds of Salsola laricifolia Turcz. ex Litv. in Salsoleae C. A. Mey., Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., K. krylovii Litv., K. melanoptera Bunge, Bassia dasyphylla (Fisch. et Mey.) O. Kuntze, B. hyssopifolia (Pall.) O. Kuntze, Camphorosma monspeliaca L., Panderia turkestanica Iljin. and Kirilowia eriantha Bunge in Camphorosmeae Moq. belong to membranaceous type. Surface of seed coat with crustaceous type is nearly smooth, mesh is uniform. and arranges regularly in which a few are irregularly retuse, and murus is flat and not obvious or immersed. All seeds of Atriplex patens (Litv.) Iljin. in Atripliceae C. A. Mey., Suaeda corniculata ( C. A. Mey.) Bunge, S. pterantha ( Kar. et Kir.) Bunge and Borszczowia aralocaspica Bunge in Suaedeae Reich., Chenopodium aristatum L. in Chenopodieae C. A. Mey. Belong to crustaceous type. There are some differences in micro- morphological structure of seed coat among different tribes. According to micro-morphology of seed coat, it is determined that relationship between Kochia Roth and Bassia All. is close, and boundary of two genera and relationship of some species are needed to define furtherly. Surface of seed coat of most species in Chenopodiaceae is uneven, which may be related to moisture absorption and retention in desert and drought habitat.