对10个种源黄连木(Pistacia chinensis Bunge)种子的形态特征、果实含油率、籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸成分及其相对含量进行了测定分析。结果表明,不同种源黄连木种子的形态特征有显著差异(P<0.05),黄连木种子的千粒重29.22~39.90 g,种子长度4.47~5.17 mm,种子宽度4.15~4.92 mm,长宽比为1.02~1.13。不同种源黄连木果实各部分的含油率均有极显著差异(P<0.01),果实、果肉和种仁的平均含油率分别为29.61%~38.61%、40.38%~64.54%和44.81%~55.97%,以江西彭泽、陕西商洛和云南石林种源的黄连木果实含油率较高。不同种源黄连木籽油的理化性质差异极显著(P<0.01),各种源黄连木籽油的折射率为1.469 6~1.475 1、碘值为748~924 g.kg^-1、酸值为9.7~79.7 mg.g^-1、水分含量为0.12%~1.40%。从黄连木籽油中共检测出棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和花生酸等7种脂肪酸成分,其中不饱和脂肪酸的总相对含量高达73.97%~87.41%。综合分析结果显示,江西彭泽的黄连木种子大而饱满且含油率高,可作为生物柴油油料资源的优良种源;云南石林、安徽滁州和陕西商洛的黄连木籽油的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,可作为食用油原料资源的适合种源。 

Seed morphological characters, oil content in fruit, physical and chemical properties and fatty acid composition and relative content of seed oil of Pistacia chinensis Bunge from ten provenances were studied. The results show that there are significant differences in seed morphological characters among different provenances (P< 0.05).The 1 000-seed weight is 29.22- 39.90g. The length and width of seed are 4.47- 5.17mm and 4.15- 4.92mm with a length-width ratio of 1.02- 1.13. There are extremely significant differences in oil content of different parts of fruit among the ten provenances(P< 0.01),  and average oil content of fruit, flesh and kernelis 29.61%- 38.61%, 40.38%-64.54% and 44.81%- 55.97%, respectively. Oil content in fruit from Pengze of Jiangxi, Shangluo of Shaanxi and Shilin of Yunnan is higher. The physical and chemical properties of seed oil have extremely significant differences (P< 0.01)among different provenances, and the refractive index is 1.469 6-1.475 1, iodine value 748- 924g·kg^{- 1},acidvalue 9.7- 79.7mg·g^{- 1} and water content 0.12%-1.40%. Seven fatty acids are detected from these edoil of P. chinensis, including palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmiticacid, stearic acid and arachidic acid, in which the total relative content of unsaturated fatty acids is up to 73.97%- 87.41%. The result of comprehensive analysis indicates that P. chinensis seeds from Pengze of Jiangxi are big and plump and can be used as good seed resources of biofuel materials. Otherwise, with high unsaturated fatty acid content, seeds from Shilin of Yunnan, Chuzhou of Anhui and Shangluo of Shanxi are suitable seed resources of edible oil materials.