采用沙培法和盆栽法,研究了不同浓度NaCl、Na2SO4 、Na2CO3 和NaHCO3 胁迫对大麻品种‘云麻5 号’(Cannabis sativa ‘Yunma 5’)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:分别用浓度0(CK)、50、100、150、200、250 和300 mmol·L^-1 的4 种盐胁迫处理7 d,种子的发芽率、发芽势、萌发指数和活力指数以及胚根和胚轴长总体上随盐分浓度的提高逐渐下降;除浓度50 mmol·L^-1NaCl 和Na2 SO4 处理组的胚轴长度显著高于对照外,各处理组种子的各指标均小于对照,其中,在100 ~ 300 mmol·L-1 盐胁迫条件下种子的各指标均与对照差异显著(P<0. 05)。用浓度0(CK)、100、200 和300 mmol·L^-1的4 种盐进行胁迫处理,随胁迫时间延长(0 ~24 d)幼苗株高逐渐增大,但各处理组幼苗的株高增幅明显小于对照。随各盐分浓度的提高,幼苗干质量、株高和根长均逐渐减小且均低于对照;叶片相对电导率均逐渐增大且均高于对照,其中仅100 和200 mmol·L^-1Na2 SO4 处理组的叶片相对电导率与对照无显著差异;各处理组幼苗根冠比也均显著小于对照。不同盐胁迫对幼苗叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD 值)有不同的影响效应;其中,各NaCl 处理组的SPAD 值与对照无显著差异,各Na2 SO4 处理组的SPAD 值均显著高于对照;而随Na2 CO3 和NaHCO3 浓度的提高,SPAD 值均逐渐减小并低于对照。另外,在300 mmol·L^-1Na2 CO3 胁迫条件下幼苗死亡。综合分析结果表明:Na2 CO3 对大麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的胁迫效应明显强于另3 种盐分;大麻对盐胁迫的耐性因盐分类型和浓度而异,且不同发育期(萌芽期和苗期)大麻对盐胁迫的敏感性也有一定差异。

   By methods of sand culture and pot culture, effects of stresses of NaCl, Na₂SO₄, Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ with different concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of  Cannabis sativa ‘Yunma 5’were studied. The results show that when stressed by four salts with concentrations of 0 (CK), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mmol · L^-1 for 7 d, respectively, germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor index, and lengths of radicle and hypocotyl of seeds all are gradually decreasing as rising of salt concentration, and except hypocotyl length in treating groups of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ with concentration of 50 mmol·L^-1is significantly higher than that of the control, all indexes of seeds in all treating groups are lower than those of the control, in which, there are  significant differences (P<0. 05) in all indexes of seeds under 100-300 mmol·L^-1 salt stresses with the control.Stressed by four salts with concentrations of 0 (CK), 100, 200 and 300 mmol·L^-1, respectively, seedling height increases gradually as prolonging of stress time (0-24 d), but its increasing range in all treating groups is obviously smaller than that of the control. As rising of salt concentrations, dry eight, height and root length of seedling decrease gradually and are lower than those of the control; relative electrical conductivity of leaf increases gradually and is higher than that of the control, in which,there is no significant difference in relative electrical conductivity only in treating groups of 100 and 200 mmol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄ with the control; and root-shoot ratio of seedling in all treating groups is significantly smaller than that of the control. There are various effects of different salt stresses on chlorophyll content (SPAD value) in seedling leaf, in which, there is no significant difference in SPAD value between all NaCl treating groups and the control, and SPAD value in all Na₂SO₄ treating groups is significantly higher than that of the control, while, as rising of concentrations of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃, SPAD value reduces gradually and is lower than that of the control. Moreover, seedlings die under stress of 300 mmol·L^-1 Na₂CO₃. The result of comprehensive analysis indicates that stress effect of Na₂CO₃ on seed germination and seedling growth of C. sativa is obviously stronger than that of other three salts; resistance of C. sativa to salt stress varies with salt type and salt concentration, and during different development periods (seed germination period and seedling period), there is a certain difference in sensitivity of C. sativa to salt stress.