Taking one-year-old seedlings of Cyclocarya paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja from three provenances （Wufeng of Hubei， Yuanling of Hu’nan and Muchuan of Sichuan） as experimental materials， the structure of leaf transverse section and histochemical localization of flavonoids， triterpenoids and polysaccharides were observed. The results show that the anatomical structure of leaf transverse section and the distribution pattern of flavonoids， triterpenoids and polysaccharides in leaf of C. paliurus from three provenances are generally consistent. Leaf belongs to bifacial leaf， and stomas locate on lower epidermis. The primary vein is well developed， and there is an obvious differentiation in palisade tissue and spongy tissue. Flavonoids are mainly distributed in glandular hair， epidermis， phloem and xylem， and their contents are relatively higher in phloem and xylem. Triterpenoids are mainly distributed in glandular hair， epidermis， phloem and palisade tissue. Polysaccharides are distributed in each tissue of leaf. In which， contents of triterpenoids and polysaccharides in palisade tissue are relatively higher.