基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-轨道阱高分辨质谱联用（UPLC-Q-Exactive MS）技术比较分析了山核桃（Carya cathayensis Sarg.）、胡桃（Juglans regia Linn.）和薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch〕3种木本油料作物种仁中甘油酯的组成及差异，结合LipidSearch软件和混合脂质内标对脂质分子进行定性及定量分析。结果显示：3种核桃类种仁中均鉴定到298个甘油酯，包括245个甘油三酯、38个甘油二酯、1个单半乳糖甘油二酯、9个双半乳糖甘油二酯和5个硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯。偏最小二乘法判别分析得到104个变量投影重要度(VIP)大于1的脂质分子。山核桃和薄壳山核桃种仁中甘油三酯的主要脂肪酸为油酸，胡桃种仁中甘油三酯的主要脂肪酸为亚油酸。3种核桃类种仁中甘油二酯的主要脂肪酸均为亚油酸，其次为油酸。山核桃和薄壳山核桃种仁的甘油酯组成更为相近。UPLC-Q-Exactive MS可作为鉴别这3种木本油料作物种仁中甘油酯组成的有效方式。

The composition and differences of glycerolipids in kernels of three woody oil crops, namely Carya cathayensis Sarg., Juglans regia Linn., and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch were compared and analyzed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive MS) technology, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted for lipid molecules in combination with LipidSearch software and mixed lipid internal standard. The results show that a total of 298 glycerolipids are identified in three kinds of walnut kernels, containing 245 triacylglycerols, 38 diacylglycerols, 1 monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, 9 digalactosyl diacylglycerols, and 5 sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols. One hundred and four lipid molecules with variable important in projection (VIP) greater than 1 are obtained via partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis. The main fatty acid of triacylglycerols in kernels of C. cathayensis and C. illinoinensis is oleic acid, while that in kernels of J. regia is linoleic acid. The main fatty acid of diacylglycerols in three kinds of walnut kernels are all linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid. The composition of glycerolipids in kernels of C. cathayensis and C. illinoinensis are closer. UPLC-Q-Exactive MS can be used as an effective method to identify the glycerolipid composition in the kernels of these three woody oil crops.