采用盆栽实验方法,比较了在每盆施用 130 g 垃圾堆肥(T1)或 1. 5 g 化肥( T2)以及 130 g 垃圾堆肥与 1. 5 g化肥混合施用(T3)条件下高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea L.)生长及土壤性质的变化。 结果表明:T1 和 T3 处理组的土壤容重显著低于对照(不施肥)和 T2 处理组,土壤中的阳离子代换量及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于对照及 T2 处理组,且 T3 处理组的增加幅度更大;T1 和 T3 处理组土壤中 Pb、As、Cu、Cr 和 Cd 含量均高于对照和 T2 处理组,且 T1 处理组土壤中 Pb、As、Cu 和 Cd 含量均显著高于 T3 处理组,但均小于土壤环境质量一级标准,不会造成土壤环境污染。 T1 和 T3 处理组高羊茅种子萌发率均明显低于 T2 处理组和对照,但随萌发时间的延长逐渐提高,表明垃圾堆肥对高羊茅种子萌发的抑制作用是暂时性的。 施肥处理对高羊茅生长均有明显的促进作用;T1、T2 和 T3 处理组高羊茅的株高、地上部分和根干质量、叶片 N 含量和叶绿素含量总体上均显著高于对照;其中T1 处理组在栽培前期高羊茅的株高、地上部分干质量和叶片 N 含量低于 T2 处理组,但在后期显著高于 T2 处理组;而 T3 处理组高羊茅的各项指标总体上均最高。 结果显示:使用垃圾堆肥能明显改善土壤性质、增加土壤肥力;垃圾堆肥具有缓释效应,能改善高羊茅的生长状况、提高草坪质量,与化肥混合施用效果更佳。

 

Using pot experiment,changes of growth of Festuca arundinacea L. and soil property were compared under applying 130 g waste compost per pot (T1), 1. 5 g chemical fertilizer per pot(T2) and 130 g waste compost and 1. 5 g chemical fertilizer per pot (T3). The results show that soil bulk density of T1 and T3 groups is significantly lower, cation exchange and contents of organic matter, available N, available P and available K in soil are significantly higher than those of the control (no fertilizer) and T2 groups with bigger increasing range of T3 group. Also, contents of Pb, As, Cu, Cr and Cd in soils of T1 and T3 groups are higher than those of the control and T2 groups, while contents of Pb, As, Cu and Cd in soil of T1 group are significantly higher than those of T3 group, but these heavy metal contents are less than the level of soil environmental quality standards, and cannot cause the soil environment pollution. Seed germination rate of F. arundinacea in T1 and T3 groups is significantly lower than that of the control and T2 groups, but that increases gradually with prolonging of germinating time, indicating inhibition effect of waste compost on seed germination is temporary. Fertilizer can obviously improve growth of F. arundinacea. Generally, plant height, dry weight of above-ground part and root, N and chlorophyll contents in leaf of F. arundinacea in T1, T2 and T3 groups are significantly higher than those in the control. In which, plant height, dry weight of above-ground part and N content in leaf of T1 group are lower during earlier cultivated stage but higher during later cultivated stage than those in T2 group, while growth indexes of F. arundinacea in T3 group are generally the highest. It is suggested that use of waste compost can improve soil property and enhance soil fertility. Waste compost has a sustained-release effect, can improve growth status and turf quality of F. arundinacea, and has the best improvement effect when mixed applying with chemical fertilizer.