以假俭草〔Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.〕品种‘赣北’（‘Ganbei’）基因组序列数据为基础，通过生物信息学手段挖掘和设计了假俭草染色体特异的单拷贝寡核苷酸（oligo）探针库，同时结合端粒重复序列和rDNA重复序列探针，在假俭草根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体上进行了系列荧光原位杂交（FISH）试验。结果显示：假俭草染色体核型公式为2n=2x=18（2SAT），利用5S rDNA和18S rDNA重复序列探针可识别出第5和第4号染色体，且第4号染色体18S rDNA富集区段易出现或存在断裂现象；设计的假俭草染色体特异单拷贝oligo探针可识别出第2、第6和第9号染色体，进一步结合rDNA重复序列探针结果还发现第4号染色体与第8号染色体间发生了染色体易位。综合分析认为，假俭草染色体核型存在不稳定性，且其基因组在进化过程中发生了染色体结构重排。本研究建立的基于重复序列和单拷贝oligo探针的FISH技术体系，可为假俭草染色体的准确识别和变异鉴定提供新方法，观察到的假俭草染色体核型特征可为假俭草高质量基因组图谱的构建提供细胞学证据。

Based on the  genome sequence data of cultivar ‘Ganbei’of Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack., a specific singlecopy oligonucleotide (oligo) probe library for the chromosomes of E. ophiuroides was excavated and designed through bioinformatics methods, and a series of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments were conducted on the mitosis metaphase chromosomes of root tip cells of E. ophiuroides in combination with telomere repeat sequence and rDNA repeat sequence probes. The results show that the karyotype formula of E. ophiuroides is 2n=2x=18 (2SAT), the chromosomes 5 and 4  can be identified by using 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA repetitive sequence probes, and the 18S rDNA enriched region on chromosome 4 is prone to or exhibit breakage phenomena; the specific single-copy oligo probes designed for E. ophiuroides chromosomes can identify chromosomes 2, 6, and 9, and by further combining the results of rDNA repeat sequence probes, it is also discovered that a chromosomal translocation has occurred between chromosomes 4 and 8. Based on comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the karyotype of E. ophiuroides exhibits instability, and its genome has undergone chromosomal structural rearrangements during the evolution process. The FISH technology system established in this study based on repeat sequence and single-copy oligo probes can provide a new method for accurate recognition and variation identification of E. ophiuroides chromosomes, and the observed genome karyotype characteristics of E. ophiuroides can provide cytological evidence for the construction of a high-quality genome map of E. ophiuroides.