为探究新疆鼠尾草（Salvia deserta Schang）和丹参（S. miltiorrhiza Bunge）对高温干旱胁迫的耐受性，设置常温（昼温27 ℃、夜温19 ℃）和高温（昼温42 ℃、夜温32 ℃）2个温度水平以及正常状态、中度干旱和重度干旱（土壤相对含水量分别为40%~45%、20%~25%和5%~10%）3个土壤含水量水平，对高温和干旱单一及复合胁迫下2种植物的受害指数、光合生理指标和抗逆生理生化指标的变化进行了比较。结果显示：随着胁迫时间延长，不同胁迫条件下2种植物的受害指数逐渐升高，总体来看，光合生理指标持续下降，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先升高后降低，丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量持续升高。与对照（昼温 27 ℃、夜温19 ℃、土壤相对含水量40%~45%）相比，不同胁迫条件下2种植物的受害指数基本上显著（p＜0.05）升高，多数光合生理指标显著降低，而多数抗逆生理生化指标则总体上显著升高。胁迫6 d，重度干旱单一胁迫（昼温27 ℃、夜温19 ℃、土壤相对含水量5%~10%）和重度复合胁迫（昼温42 ℃、夜温32 ℃、土壤相对含水量5%~10%）下2种植物的受害指数均显著高于其他胁迫条件，净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、总叶绿素含量和叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量的比值（Chla/b）总体上显著低于其他胁迫条件；重度复合胁迫下2种植物的SOD活性、MDA含量和Pro含量总体上显著高于其他胁迫条件。比较来看，不同胁迫条件下丹参的受害指数、胞间CO2浓度、总叶绿素含量、MDA含量和Pro含量总体上低于新疆鼠尾草，净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、Chla/b值、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白质含量总体上高于新疆鼠尾草。研究表明：新疆鼠尾草和丹参对高温干旱胁迫具有较强的耐受性，且丹参的耐受性更强。

  To investigate the tolerance of Salvia deserta Schang and S. miltiorrhiza Bunge to high temperature and drought stress, two temperature levels namely normal temperature (day temperature of 27 ℃, night temperature of 19 ℃) and high temperature (day temperature of 42 ℃, night temperature of 32 ℃) and three soil water content levels namely normal state, moderate drought, and severe drought (soil relative water contents of 40%-45%, 20%-25%, and 5%-10% respectively) were set up, and the changes of damage indexes, photosynthetic physiological indexes, and resistance physiological and biochemical indexes of the two plants under single and combined stresses of high temperature and drought were compared. The results show that with the extension of stress time, the damage indexes of the two plants under different stress conditions gradually increase, in general, the photosynthetic physiological indexes continuously decrease, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) first increase and then decrease, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) continuously increase. Compared with the control (day temperature of 27 ℃, night temperature of 19 ℃, soil relative water content of 40%-45%), the damage indexes of the two plants under different stress conditions basically significantly (p＜0.05) increase, most of the photosynthetic physiological indexes significantly decrease, while most of the resistance physiological and biochemical indexes significantly increase in general. After 6 d of stress, the damage indexes of the two plants under single severe drought stress (day temperature of 27 ℃, night temperature of 19 ℃, soil relative water content of 5%-10%) and severe combined stress (day temperature of 42 ℃, night temperature of 32 ℃, soil relative water content of 5%-10%) are significantly higher than those under the other stress conditions, while the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll content, and ratio of chlorophyll a content to chlorophyll b content (Chla/b) are generally significantly lower than those under the other stress conditions; under severe combined stress, the SOD activity, MDA content, and Pro content of the two plants are generally significantly higher than those under the other stress conditions. In comparison, under different stress conditions, the damage index, intercellular CO2 concentration, total chlorophyll content, MDA content, and Pro content of S. miltiorrhiza are generally lower than those of S. deserta, while the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, Chla/b value, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, and soluble protein content are generally higher than those of S. deserta. It is suggested that S. deserta and S. miltiorrhiza both possess relatively strong tolerance to high temperature and drought stress, and the tolerance of S. miltiorrhiza is stronger.