为了探讨梅(Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.)的 2 种类型——花梅与果梅的遗传多样性,利用 23 条长度为 11 bp的随机引物以及严格筛选退火温度的改良 RAPD-PCR 优化体系对 25 个花梅和 21 个果梅品种的基因组总 DNA 进行了分析,并在此基础上采用 UPGMA 聚类方法对 46 个花梅与果梅品种间的遗传关系进行了分析。 结果显示:使用重复性好、条带清晰且多态性强的 23 条随机引物,共从 46 个花梅和果梅品种基因组总 DNA 中扩增出 131 条带,其中多态性条带 107 条,多态性条带百分率达 81. 7% ,说明花梅和果梅各品种间具有丰富的遗传多样性。 聚类分析结果显示:46 个花梅和果梅品种的遗传相似系数为 0. 63 ~ 0. 83;在遗传相似系数 0. 66 处,供试的 46 个品种被分为 5 组。 A 组包含 6 个果梅品种和 11 个花梅品种;B 组仅包含 4 个花梅品种;C 组包含 16 个品种,其中 15 个品种为果梅;D 组仅包含 4 个花梅品种;E 组也仅包含 5 个花梅品种。 研究结果表明:花梅和果梅具有相近的亲缘关系,遗传背景相似。

In order to explore the genetic diversity of two types of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., which are flowering and fruiting mei, total genomic DNA from 25 cultivars of flowering mei and 21 cultivars of fruiting mei was analyzed by modified RAPD-PCR optimized system with strict screening of anneal temperature and using 23 random primers with the length of 11 bp. And on this basis, the genetic relationship of 46 cultivars of flowering and fruiting mei were analyzed by UPGMA cluster method. The results show that 131 bands are amplified from total genomic DNA of 46 cultivars by using of 23 random primers with good reproducibility, clear bands and rich polymorphism, in which there are 107
polymorphic bands and the percentage of polymorphic bands accounts for 81. 7% . It means that there is rich genetic diversity among different cultivars of flowering and fruiting mei. The result of cluster analysis shows that the genetic similarity coefficient of 46 cultivars of flowering and fruiting mei is 0. 63-0. 83 and at the 0. 66 point of genetic similarity coefficient, the 46 cultivars are divided into 5 groups. In which, Group A contains 6 cultivars of fruiting mei and 11 cultivars of flowering mei; Group B only contains 4 cultivars of flowering mei; Group C contains 16 cultivars in which 15 cultivars are fruiting mei; Group D only contains 4 cultivars of flowering mei; Group E also only contains 5 cultivars of flowering mei. It is suggested that flowering and fruiting mei have close relationship and similar genetic background.