为了探究不同羊踯躅〔Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don〕品种间花香气挥发性成分的差异，采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术对16个羊踯躅品种的花香气挥发性成分进行了检测分析，并进行了主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明：在供试羊踯躅品种花香气中共鉴定出109个挥发性成分，其中20个成分的含量高于1.0 μg·g^-1，大牛儿烯D、石竹烯、α-蒎烯、葎草烯、α-法尼烯、水杨酸甲酯、β-蒎烯和芳樟醇是羊踯躅花香气的关键成分。不同品种间花香气的挥发性成分组成和含量存在差异，‘纸鸢’（‘Zhiyuan’）花香气的挥发性成分数量（43）和总含量（115.19 μg·g^-1）均最高，且其醇类、醛类、萜烯类、酯类、苯类含量基本上显著（P＜0.05）高于其余品种。主成分分析结果显示：前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率为82.947%，第1主成分中反式芳樟醇氧化物（呋喃型）、橙花叔醇和α-荜澄茄油烯等9个成分含量的载荷绝对值较高，第2主成分中石竹烯和葎草烯含量的载荷绝对值较高，第3主成分中大牛儿烯D和α-法尼烯含量的载荷绝对值较高；‘纸鸢’的综合得分最高（7.32）。聚类结果显示：在欧氏距离13.85处，‘纸鸢’单独为一组，‘芬纳’（‘Fenna’）、‘白手鞠’（‘Baishouju’）和‘橙光’（‘Chengguang’）为一组，其余12个品种为一组。相关性分析结果显示：浓香型与白色花、中等香型与粉色花、弱香型与黄色花、无香型与橙色花均呈极显著（P＜0.01）正相关。基于上述研究结果，羊踯躅的花色越艳丽则花香气越淡，并且，‘纸鸢’可作为羊踯躅花香气形成机制研究的优质材料。

To investigate the differences in volatile components of floral aroma among different Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don cultivars, the volatile components in flower aroma of sixteen R. molle cultivars were analyzed by using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology, followed by principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. The results show that a total of 109 volatile components are identified in floral aroma of test R. molle cultivars, among which, the contents of 20 components are higher than 1.0 μg·g^-1, and germacrene D, caryophyllene, α-pinene, humulene, α-farnesene, methyl salicylate, βpinene, and linalool are the key components in floral aroma of R. molle. There are differences in composition and contents of volatile components among the floral aroma of different cultivars, the number (43) and total content (115.19 μg·g^-1) of volatile components in floral aroma of ‘Zhiyuan’ are both the highest, and its contents of alcohols, aldehydes, terpenoids, esters, and benzenes are basically significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other cultivars. The principal component analysis result shows that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components is 82.947%, the absolute loading values of contents of 9 components including translinalool oxide (furanoid), nerolidol, and α-cubebene in the first principal component are relatively high, those of contents of caryophyllene and humulene in the second principal component are relatively high, and those of contents of germacrene D and α-farnesene in the third principal component are relatively high; the composite score of ‘Zhiyuan’ is the highest (7.32). The cluster result shows that at the Euclidean distance of 13.85， ‘Zhiyuan’ forms a group alone, ‘Fenna’, ‘Baishouju’, and ‘Chengguang’ form. a group, and the remaining 12 cultivars are a group. The correlation analysis result shows that there are extremely significant (P<0.01) positive correlations between strong aroma type and white flower, medium aroma type and pink flower, weak aroma type and yellow flower, and no aroma type and orange flower. Based on the above results, the more colorful the flowers of R. molle, the weaker their flower aroma, and ‘Zhiyuan’ could serve as an excellent material for studying the mechanism of flower aroma formation of R. molle.