为了探明不同地区青檀（Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.）根际土壤真菌多样性及其与土壤肥力的关系，对国内7省（广西、安徽、河南、陕西、四川、山东和辽宁）1市（北京）8个样地野生青檀根际土壤的肥力指标（包括pH值、速效磷含量和速效钾含量）进行比较，并采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对其根际土壤的真菌多样性进行了分析；在此基础上，对土壤真菌多样性指数与土壤肥力指标的相关性以及土壤真菌科水平相对丰度前20位的操作分类单元（OTUs）与土壤肥力指标的相关性进行分析。结果表明：供试8个样地青檀根际土壤的pH值为pH 6.06～pH 7.61，速效磷含量为0.49～3.27 μg·g^-1，速效钾含量为150.24～636.89 μg·g^-1。基于土壤真菌DNA测序结果，以有效序列相似度97%为阈值获得7 143个OTUs，鉴定出6门32纲106目254科，其中，包括子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和接合菌门（Zygomycota）3个优势门以及Incertae sedis（GenBank数据库中存在，但未准确分类的科）、被孢霉科（Mortierellaceae）、发菌科（Trichocomaceae）、丛赤壳科（Nectriaceae）和Archaeorhizomycetaceae 5个共有优势科；不同样地的土壤真菌多样性差异明显，Chao1指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数分别为1 041.37～1 793.19、5.39～6.14和0.007～0.020，盖度为98.90％～99.84％。相关性分析结果表明：土壤真菌Chao1指数与土壤速效钾含量呈显著（P＜0.05）负相关，其余土壤真菌多样性指数与土壤肥力指标的相关性均不显著；在相对丰度前20位的OTUs中，55％OTUs与土壤pH值呈负相关，并且，多数OTUs与土壤的速效磷含量和速效钾含量呈正相关，其中，OTU0（被孢霉科）与土壤pH值呈显著负相关，OTU1（丛赤壳科）和OTU4（伞型束梗孔菌科（Agaricostilbaceae）与土壤速效钾含量呈显著正相关。研究结果显示：野生青檀根际土壤呈弱酸性至弱碱性，并具有富钾少磷的特点；青檀根际土壤真菌多样性与土壤肥力有一定相关性，并且，被孢霉科、丛赤壳科和伞型束梗孔菌科与土壤肥力有显著相关性。

 To verify fungal diversity and its relationship with soil fertility of rhizophere soil of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. in different regions， fertility indexes （including pH value， available phosphorus and available potassium contents） of rhizosphere soil of wild P. tatarinowii in eight plots of seven provinces（Guangxi, Anhui, He’nan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shandong， and Liaoning） and one city（Beijing） in China were compared， and fungal diversity of its rhizosphere soil was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. On this basis， the correlation between soil fungal diversity indexes and soil fertility indexes and that between the top 20 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） with relative abundance of soil fungi at family level and soil fertility indexes were analyzed. The results show that pH value of rhizosphere soil of P. tatarinowii in eight plots tested is pH 6.06-pH 7.61， available phosphorus content is 0.49-3.27 μg·g^-1， and available potassium content is 150.24-636.89 μg·g^-1. Based on sequencing result of soil fungal DNA， 7 143 OTUs are obtained by taking effective sequence similarity of 97% as threshold， and 6 phyla， 32 classes， 106 orders， 254 families are identified， in which， there are three dominant phyla including Ascomycota， Basidiomycota， and Zygomycota， and five common dominant families including Incertae sedis （the family exists in GenBank data base， but is inexactly classifed）， Mortierellaceae， Trichocomaceae， Nectriaceae, and Archaeorhizomycetaceae. The difference in soil fungal diversity among different plots is obvious， and Chao1 index， Shannon-Wiener index， and Simpson index are 1 041.37-1 793.19， 5.39-6.14， and 0.007-0.020， respectively， coverage is 98.90％-99.84％. The correlation analysis results show that there is a significantly （P＜0.05） negative correlation between Chao1 index of soil fungi and soil available potassium content， and correlations between other soil fungal diversity indexes and soil fertility indexes are not significant. In the top 20 OTUs with relative abundance， 55％ OTUs have a negative correlation with soil pH value， and most OTUs have a positive correlation with soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents. In which， OTU0 （Mortierellaceae） has a significantly negative correlation with soil pH value， and OTU1 （Nectriaceae） and OTU4 （Agaricostilbaceae） have significantly positive correlations with soil available potassium content. It is suggested that rhizosphere soil of wild P. tatarinowii is weakly acidic to weakly alkaline with characteristics of rich potassium and less phosphorus. There are some correlations between fungal diversity of rhizosphere soil of P. tatarinowii and soil fertility， in addition, Mortierellaceae， Nectriaceae， and Agaricostilbaceae have significant correlations with soil fertility.