对地黄[Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et C. A. Mey.]11 个主栽品种、3 个变异类型和4 个野生种源的18 个表型性状(包括9 个数值型性状和9 个非数值型性状)进行了观测和分析;在此基础上,对18 个地黄种质进行了聚类分析,还进行了18 个表型性状的主成分分析和9 个数量性状的相关性分析。结果表明:18 个地黄种质的表型性状变异非常丰富,冠幅、茎粗、单株叶片数、叶长、叶宽、单株块根数、块根长度、块根直径和单株块根鲜质量变异均较大,其变异系数大多在20%左右,其中单株块根鲜质量的变异系数(56. 66%)最大。聚类分析结果显示:在欧氏距离6. 74 处,18 个地黄种质可分为栽培、野生和新变异类型3 大类。主成分分析结果表明:在18个表型性状中,前4 个主成分的累计贡献率达81. 865 5%,其中第1 主成分的贡献率为50. 552 7%,包括冠幅、叶长、叶宽、块根直径和单株块根鲜质量。相关性分析结果显示:单株块根鲜质量与冠幅、茎粗、单株叶片数、叶长、叶宽和块根直径呈极显著正相关(P<0. 01),相关系数分别为0. 862、0. 849、0. 759、0. 879、0. 822 和0. 898;与块根长度呈显著正相关(P<0. 05),相关系数为0. 562。研究结果显示:地黄种质间存在较大的表型变异,基于表型性状的聚类分析结果可用于鉴别地黄种质间的亲缘关系;并可以通过冠幅、茎粗、叶片大小和块根大小等性状的选择提高地黄的单株块根产量。

Eighteen phenotypic characters (including nine numeric characters and nine non numeric characters) of eleven main cultivars, three mutations and four wild provenances of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et C. A. Mey. were observed and analyzed. On this basis, cluster analysis on eighteen germplasms of R. glutinosa was carried out, and principal component analysis on eighteen phenotypic characters and correlation analysis on nine quantitative characters were also done. The results show that variations of phenotypic characters of eighteen germplasms of R. glutinosa are very rich. Variations of crown width, stem diameter, leaf number per plant, leaf length, leaf width, tuberous root number per plant, tuberous root length, tuberous root diameter and tuberous root fresh weight per plant all are bigger, with coefficients of variation about 20% in most cases, in which, coefficient of variation (56. 66%) of tuberous root fresh weight per plant is the biggest. The cluster analysis result shows that at Euclidean distance of 6. 74, eighteen germplasms of R. glutinosa are divided into three groups of cultivation, wild and new variation types of R. glutinosa. The principal component analysis result shows that in eighteen phenotypic characters, the accumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reaches to 81. 865 5%, in which, the contribution rate of the first principal component is 50. 552 7%, which includes crown width, leaf length, leaf width, tuberous root diameter and tuberous root fresh weight per plant. The correlation analysis result shows that tuberous root fresh weight per plant has extremely significantly positive correlation (P < 0. 01) with crown width, stem diameter, leaf number per plant, leaf length, leaf width and tuberous root diameter, their correlation coefficients are 0. 862, 0. 849, 0. 759, 0. 879, 0. 822 and 0. 898, respectively, and has significantly positive correlation (P<0. 05) with tuberous root length with the correlation coefficient of 0. 562. It is suggested that there is larger phenotypic variation among germplasms of R. glutinosa. The cluster analysis result based on phenotypic characters can be used for identifying genetic relationship of R. glutinosa germplasms. And the tuberous root yield per plant of R. glutinosa can be improved by selection of crown width, stem diameter, leaf size and tuberous root size, etc.