对西昌市油橄榄国家林木种质资源库中88个油橄榄（Olea europaea Linn.）品种果实的15个质量性状和15个数量性状进行比较，对果实数量性状进行相关性分析和主成分分析，并基于果实数量性状对供试油橄榄品种进行聚类分析。结果表明：果实质量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化范围分别为0.438~1.094、0.247~0.671和0.098~0.243，平均值分别为0.735、0.451和0.164；果实数量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化范围分别为1.830~2.047、0.811~0.864和0.409~0.458，平均值分别为1.965、0.845和0.439；并且，果实数量性状的生物多样性指数平均值明显高于质量性状。相关性分析结果表明：果实数量性状之间大多存在极显著（P＜0.01）或显著（P＜0.05）相关性，并且多数性状之间为正相关。主成分分析结果表明：前4个主成分的累计贡献率为86.115%，基本体现了油橄榄果实表型性状的主要特征。聚类分析结果显示：供试油橄榄品种被分为3个类群，类群Ⅰ包含41个品种，具有果实和果核大、果柄长且粗的特点；类群Ⅱ包含22个品种，果实和果核大小居中；类群Ⅲ包含25个品种，具有果实和果核小、果柄短且细的特点。综上所述，供试油橄榄品种果实表型性状多样性较为丰富，且果实数量性状多样性高于质量性状。

The comparison was conducted for 15 qualitative traits and 15 quantitative traits of fruits of 88 cultivars of Olea europaea Linn.  in Xichang National Olive Forest Germplasm Resource Bank, the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out for  fruit quantitative traits, and the cluster analysis for test O. europaea cultivars was performed based on  fruit quantitative traits. The results show that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index of fruit qualitative traits are 0.438-1.094, 0.247-0.671, and 0.098-0.243, respectively, and their averages are 0.735, 0.451, and 0.164, respectively. The ShannonWiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index of  fruit quantitative traits are 1.830-2.047, 0.811-0.864, and 0.409-0.458, respectively, and their averages are 1.965, 0.845, and 0.439, respectively. In addition, the averages of biodiversity indexes of fruit quantitative traits are obviously higher than those of fruit qualitative traits. The result of the correlation analysis indicates that there are extremely significant （P<0.01） or significant （P<0.05） correlations between most fruit quantitative traits, and the correlations between most traits are positive. The result of the principal component analysis reveals that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components is 86.115%, which represents the main characteristics of fruit phenotypic traits of O. europaea. The result of the cluster analysis indicates that the test O. europaea cultivars are divided into three groups, in which, group Ⅰ contains 41 cultivars, with characteristics of large fruit and pits, as well as long and thick peduncles; group Ⅱ contains 22 cultivars, with characteristics of mediumsized fruit and pits; group Ⅲ contains 25 cultivars, with characteristics of small fruits and pits, as well as short and slender peduncles. In conclusion, the diversity of fruit phenotypic traits of the test O. europaea cultivars is rich, and the diversity of fruit quantitative traits is higher than that of qualitative traits.