根据2021年公布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》，结合野外实地调查和相关资料记载，对西藏自治区（以下简称西藏）分布的国家重点保护野生植物的物种组成、生活型、濒危状况、地理成分以及水平和垂直分布格局进行研究。结果表明：西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物共217种(含种下等级，下同)，隶属于54科87属，其中，国家一级重点保护野生植物10种，国家二级重点保护野生植物207种。从物种组成来看，在科水平，兰科(Orchidaceae)种类最多，有14属100种；在属水平，以石斛属(Dendrobium Sw.)、兰属(Cymbidium Sw.)、杓兰属(Cypripedium Linn.)为主，分别包含38、24和14种。从生活型来看，西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物中多年生草本植物占绝对优势（162种），占比达75.3%。从濒危状况来看，西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物有极危（CR）11种，濒危(EN)59种，易危(VU)77种，受威胁物种占比高达67.7%。从地理成分来看，西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物在科水平有6个分布型和6个亚型，热带成分科与温带成分科的比值为1.54；在属水平有10个分布型和15个亚型，热带成分属与温带成分属的比值为0.87；在种水平包含中国特有分布种52种及西藏特有分布种6种。在水平分布格局上，西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物主要集中在西藏的东南部和南部，且从县级行政区域水平看，墨脱县分布的国家重点保护野生植物种类最多(129种)；在垂直分布格局上，西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物种数随着海拔的升高呈先快速增多后逐渐减少的趋势，其中，在海拔（Alt）区间800 m＜Alt≤1 200 m分布的种类最多(100种)。目前，西藏分布的国家重点保护野生植物正面临着过度采集、群体衰退以及全球气候变化等多重生存压力。建议在西藏开展全面的国家重点保护野生植物资源调查，并有针对性地进行濒危物种保护地工作，构建自然保护地体系，同时加强保护宣传力度，为就地保护和迁地保护提供科学依据。

Based on The List of National Key Protected Wild Plants announced in 2021 and combined with field surveys and relevant data records, the species composition, life forms, endangered status, geographical elements, and horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Xizang) were studied. The results show that there are a total of 217 species (including infraspecies, the same below) of national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang, belonging to 87 genera of 54 families, among which, there are 10 species of national firstclass key protected wild plants, and 207 species of national second-class key protected wild plants. In terms of species composition, at the family level, the Orchidaceae has the most species, containing 100 species of 14 genera; at the genus level, Dendrobium Sw., Cymbidium Sw., and Cypripedium Linn. are dominant, containing 38, 24, and 14 species respectively. In terms of life forms, perennial herbs are absolutely dominate (162 species) among the national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang, accounting for 75.3%. In terms of endangered status, among the national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang, there are 11 critically endangered (CR) species, 59 endangered (EN) species, and 77 vulnerable (VU) species, and the proportion of threatened species is as high as 67.7%. In terms of geographical elements, the national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang have 6 areal-types and 6 subtypes at the family level, and the ratio of tropical families to temperate families is 1.54; there are 10 areal-types and 15 subtypes at the genus level, and the ratio of tropical genera to temperate genera is 0.87; there are 52 endemic species in China and 6 endemic species in Xizang at the species level. In terms of horizontal distribution patterns, the national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang are mainly concentrated in the southeast and south of Xizang, and from the level of county-level administrative regions, Medog County has the most species of national key protected wild plants (129 species); in terms of vertical distribution patterns, the species number of national key protected wild plants in Xizang shows a tendency to first rapidly increase and then gradually decrease with the increase of altitude, among which, species distributed within the altitude (Alt) range of 800 m<Alt≤1 200 m are the most (100 species). Currently, the national key protected wild plants distributed in Xizang are facing multiple survival pressures, including over-harvesting, population decline, and global climate change. It is recommended to conduct a comprehensive survey of national key protected wild plant resources in Xizang, carry out targeted protection for endangered species, establish a system of natural reserves, and intensify protection publicity, thereby providing a scientific basis for insitu and exsitu conservation.