对质量浓度0. 2%、0. 4%、0. 6%、0. 8%、1. 0%、1. 2%和1. 4%NaCl 胁迫条件下洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomilla Linn.)种子萌发状况、幼苗生长和叶片部分生理指标的变化进行了分析,并采用石蜡切片法观察了NaCl 胁迫后洋甘菊不同器官横切面解剖结构的变化。结果表明:随NaCl 质量浓度提高,洋甘菊种子的相对萌发率、发芽势和萌发率均逐渐降低、相对盐害率逐渐增大;幼苗根长、株高及单株鲜质量和干质量均逐渐下降,但根长的降幅大于株高、鲜质量的降幅大于干质量;叶片中叶绿素含量呈先升高后下降的趋势,而可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以及POD 活性总体上呈逐渐增加的趋势。在NaCl 胁迫条件下,种子相对萌发率、发芽势和萌发率均极显著(P<0. 01)或显著(P<0. 05)低于对照(0. 0%NaCl),且除0. 2% NaCl 处理组外其他处理组的相对盐害率均极显著高于对照;而在质量浓度1. 4%NaCl 胁迫条件下洋甘菊种子均不能正常萌发。在NaCl 胁迫条件下,各处理组幼苗根长、株高以及单株鲜质量和干质量均显著或极显著低于对照,叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及POD 活性均显著或极显著高于对照;除1. 2%NaCl 处理组外,其他处理组叶绿素含量也均极显著高于对照。在NaCl 胁迫条件下,洋甘菊植株形态及不同器官横切面解剖结构发生明显变化。随NaCl 质量浓度提高,洋甘菊植株表现出株高矮小且植株干硬、叶片变小且肉质化程度增大等现象。经0. 6%NaCl 胁迫处理12 个月后,洋甘菊茎横切面皮层内厚角组织数量及薄壁组织中气隙数量增加且维管束内导管更加发达;根横切面皮层内气隙数量增多、维管柱内导管较为发达;叶片横切面叶轴薄壁组织中气隙数量增加、叶片表皮皱缩且栅栏组织层数明显增多。综合分析结果表明:洋甘菊对NaCl 胁迫具有一定的耐性,但高浓度NaCl 胁迫对洋甘菊种子萌发、幼苗生长及形态均有明显影响。

Status of seed germination, changes of seedling growth and some physiological indexes in leaf of Matricaria chamomilla Linn. under NaCl stress condition with mass ratios of 0. 2%, 0. 4%, 0. 6%,0. 8%, 1. 0%, 1. 2% and 1. 4% were analyzed, and change of transection anatomical structure of its different organs after NaCl stress was also observed by paraffin method. The results show that with rising of NaCl mass ratio, relative germination rate, germination energy and germination rate of seeds gradually decrease, while relative salt injury rate gradually increases; root length, plant height, fresh and dry weights per plant of seedlings gradually decrease, but decreasing range of root length is larger than that of  plant height and that of fresh weight is larger than that of dry weight; chlorophyll content in leaf appears a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing, while soluble sugar content, proline content and POD activity appear a gradually increasing trend. Under NaCl stress condition, relative germination rate, germination energy and germination rate of seeds all are extremely significantly (P<0. 01) or significantly (P<0. 05) lower than those of the control (0. 0% NaCl), except 0. 2% NaCl treatment group, relative salt injury rate of other treatment groups is extremely significantly higher than that of the control, and under 1. 4%NaCl stress condition, all seeds can not germinate normally. Under NaCl stress condition, root length, plant height, fresh and dry weights per plant of seedlings of all treatment groups are significantly or extremely significantly lower than those of the control, while soluble sugar content, proline content and POD activity in leaf are significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of the control; and except 1. 2% NaCl treatment group, chlorophyll content of other treatment groups is also extremely significantly higher than that of the control. Under NaCl stress condition, there are obvious changes in plant morphology and transection anatomical structure of different organs of M. chamomilla seedlings. With rising of NaCl mass ratio, M. chamomilla seedlings appear the phenomena of dwarf in plant height, dry and hard in plant, smaller leaves and increase in degree of succulence. After treated by 0. 6%NaCl for twelve months, in stem transection, collenchyma number in cortex and air cavity number in parenchyma increase and vessels in vascular bundle are more developed; in root transection, air cavity number in cortex increases and vessels in vascular cylinder are relatively developed; in leaf transection, air cavity number in parenchyma of rachis increases, leaf epidermis is shrinkage and cell layers of palisade tissue increase obviously. The comprehensive analysis result suggests that M. chamomilla possesses a certain resistance to NaCl stress, but NaCl stress with high concentration has an obvious effect on its seed germination, seedling growth and morphology.