为比较种植药赏两用植物对滨海盐碱土的改良效应,采用实生栽培方法种植了薄荷( Mentha haplocalyx Briq.)、地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis L.)和枸杞(Lycium chinense Mill.)1 年生植株,对不同土层的 pH 值以及可溶性盐和主要离子含量的变化进行了比较分析。 结果表明:种植 3 种植物后,0 ~ 10、10 ~ 20 和 20 ~ 30 cm 土层的 pH 值以及可溶性盐、K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-和 SO₄ ^2-含量均有不同程度的变化,且以 0 ~ 10 cm 土层的变化相对明显,并且各土层的离子组成也有所改变。 种植 3 种植物后,0 ~ 10 和 10 ~ 20 cm 土层的 pH 值以及 0 ~ 10 cm 土层的可溶性盐含量均低于对照,其中,地榆种植土壤 pH 值及枸杞种植土壤可溶性盐含量的降低效应最明显。 种植 3 种植物后,各土层的 Ca²⁺含量及 10 ~ 20 和 20 ~ 30 cm 土层的 K+和 Mg2+含量均极显著高于对照,各土层的 Na+含量及 0 ~10 cm 土层的 Cl^-含量、10 ~ 20 和 20 ~ 30 cm 土层的 SO4 2-含量均极显著低于对照;不同土层的 K⁺ / Na⁺值均高于对照、(K⁺ +Na⁺) / (Ca²⁺ +Mg²⁺)值均低于对照、主要阳离子(Ca²⁺、K⁺和 Mg²⁺)的交换量总和均明显增加。 总体上,地榆和枸杞对土壤中 K⁺及 Ca²⁺和 Mg²⁺含量、K⁺ / Na⁺ 值、主要阳离子( Ca²⁺、K⁺ 和 Mg²⁺ )交换量总和的提高效应以及对Na⁺含量、(K⁺ +Na⁺) / (Ca²⁺ +Mg²⁺)值的降低作用均较强,而薄荷的作用均较弱。 研究结果显示:供试的 3 种药赏两用植物对盐碱地均具有明显的改良作用,其中枸杞和地榆的改良效果较好。

In order to compare the improvement effect of plants for both medicinal and ornamental uses on coastal saline-alkali soil, one-year-old seedlings of Mentha haplocalyx Briq., Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Lycium chinense Mill. were cultivated by seedling cultivation method, and changes of pH value and contents of soluble salt and main ions in different soil layers were comparatively analyzed. The results show that pH value and contents of soluble salt, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^- and SO₄ ^2- in 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers all change in different degrees after planting three plants, and the changes in 0-10 cm soil layer are relatively obvious. And ion compositions in different soil layers also change. After planting three plants, pH value in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers and soluble salt content in 0-10 cm soil layer all are lower than those of the control, in which, the reducing effects on pH value and soluble salt content in soil for respectively planting S. officinalis and L. chinense are the most obvious. After planting three plants, Ca²⁺ content in different soil layers and contents of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ in 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers are extremely significantly higher than those of the control, and Na+ content in different soil layers, Cl^- content in 0-10 cm soil layer and SO₄ ^2- content in 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers all are extremely significantly lower than those of the control. And in different soil layers, K⁺ / Na⁺ values are higher and (K⁺ +Na⁺) / (Ca²⁺ +Mg²⁺) values are lower than those of the control, and total exchange capacity of main cationic ions (Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺) increase obviously. Generally, the enhancing effects of S. officinalis and L. chinense on contents of K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, K⁺ / Na⁺ value and total exchange capacity of main cationic ions ( Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺ ), and their reducing effects on Na⁺ content and (K⁺ + Na⁺ ) / ( Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ ) value all are stronger, while those of M. haplocalyx are weaker. It is suggested that tested three plants for both medicinal and ornamental uses all have an obvious improving role on saline-alkali soil, in which the improvement effects of L. chinense and S. officinalis are better.