采用盆栽称量法研究了对照、中度和重度干旱(土壤相对含水量分别为 75% 、55% 和 35% )条件下 1 年生酸枣[Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow]幼苗叶片中黄酮类成分含量及一些生长和生理指标的变化,并讨论了酸枣适应干旱过程中黄酮类成分的作用。 结果表明:在中度和重度干旱条件下酸枣叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均高于对照,但经重度干旱处理后复水第 7 天 PAL 活性与对照无显著差异。 与对照相比,中度干旱条件下叶片槲皮素含量基本无变化,总黄酮和芦丁含量分别显著或极显著增加,丙二醛和可溶性蛋白质含量无显著变化;与中度干旱条件相比,重度干旱条件下叶片总黄酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量显著或极显著下降,丙二醛含量不显著增加,可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低;与对照相比,重度干旱条件下总黄酮含量无明显变化,芦丁和丙二醛含量极显著或显著增加,槲皮素和可溶性蛋白质含量显著下降;复水第 7 天,总黄酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量均显著或极显著高于复水前,且总黄酮和芦丁含量显著高于对照,槲皮素含量与对照无显著差异;复水第 1 天至第 4天,丙二醛含量呈先降后增再降的趋势、可溶性蛋白质含量则呈先降低后逐渐增加的趋势,其中复水第 1 天丙二醛含量显著高于复水前、可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于复水前。 在中度或重度干旱胁迫后酸枣枝条长度均极显著小于对照,且随土壤相对含水量的降低枝条长度减小;叶片相对含水量也表现出随土壤相对含水量的降低逐渐减小的趋势,但差异不显著。 研究结果提示:适宜的干旱胁迫可促进酸枣叶片黄酮类代谢,但在不同的干旱胁迫条件下,黄酮类代谢在酸枣抗旱过程中具有不同的作用。

Changes of flavonoids component content in leaf and some growth and physiological indexes of one-year-old seedlings of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow under control, moderate drought and heavy drought conditions (relative water content in soil with 75% , 55% and 35% , respectively) were studied by pot weighing method, and role of flavonoids component in adapting process to drought was discussed. The results show that PAL activity in Z. jujuba var. spinosa leaf under moderate and heavy drought conditions is higher than that of the control, but that in the 7th day of rehydration treatment after heavy drought has no significant difference with that of the control. Compared with the control, under moderate drought condition, quercetin content in leaf has no change basically, total flavonoids and rutin contents increase significantly or obviously significantly, respectively, and MDA and soluble protein contents have no significant change. Compared with moderate drought condition, under heavy drought condition, contents of total flavonoids, rutin and quercetin in leaf decrease significantly or obviously significantly, MDA content increases un-significantly, and soluble protein content decreases significantly. Compared with the control, under heavy drought condition, total flavonoids content in leaf has no obvious change, contents of rutin and MDA increase obviously significantly or significantly, and contents of quercetin and soluble protein decrease significantly. In the 7th day of rehydration treatment, contents of total flavonoids, rutin and quercetin are higher significantly or obviously significantly than those before rehydration treatment. And contents of total flavonoids and rutin are higher significantly than those of the control, quercetin content has no significant difference with that of the control. From the 1st to the 4th days of rehydration treatment, MDA content appears the trend of decreasing-increasing-decreasing and soluble protein content shows the trend of first decreasing then increasing gradually, in which MDA content is higher significantly and soluble protein content is lower significantly in the 1st day than those before rehydration treatment. After moderate or heavy drought stress, branch length of Z. jujuba var. spinosa is extremely significantly smaller than that of the control, and that decreases with reducing of relative water content in soil. And relative water content in leaf also appears the trend of decreasing gradually with reducing of relative water content in soil, but there is no significant difference. The research results suggest that proper drought stress may promote flavonoids metabolism in Z. jujuba var. spinosa leaf, but flavonoids metabolism plays different roles in resisting of Z. jujuba var. spinosa to drought stress under different drought stress conditions.