植物多样性保护和资源利用与生态文明建设、乡村振兴等国家战略和决策密切相关，迫切需要识别自然保护地、制定资源利用规划。本文对中国被子植物的物种丰富度、特有物种丰富度、濒危物种丰富度、系统发生多样性和保护指数的空间格局进行了分析，按照保护指数从高到低的顺序选取累计面积达到陆域国土面积18%的县级行政区作为保护优先区。同时，对13类资源植物丰富度及资源指数的空间格局进行了分析，按照资源指数从高到低的顺序选取累计面积达到陆域国土面积18%的县级行政区作为资源植物片区，并将累计面积达到陆域国土面积5%的县级行政区作为资源植物片区的核心区。结果表明：保护指数与物种丰富度的空间格局较为一致，主要集中在北纬21°~35°的西南、华南和东南的大部分区域（包括西藏南部，云南北部和南部，云南、贵州和广西毗邻处，四川周边山区，重庆和湖北毗邻处，广西、湖南和贵州毗邻处等）。基于保护指数筛选到34个保护优先区，这些保护优先区的被子植物、特有植物、濒危植物和国家重点保护野生植物分别占中国相应类型被子植物总种数的80.5%、80.3%、70.6%和71.8%。基于资源指数筛选到20个资源植物片区，这些资源植物片区的被子植物、特有植物、濒危植物、资源植物和国家重点保护野生植物分别占中国相应类型被子植物总种数的82.7%、77.2%、74.9%、87.0%和72.9%，核心区的被子植物、特有植物、濒危植物、资源植物和国家重点保护野生植物分别占中国相应类型被子植物总种数的60.6%、60.6%、58.0%、76.3%和57.8%。研究结果显示：筛选的保护优先区与资源植物片区大致重叠，说明筛选出的保护优先区能最大限度地保护中国的植物多样性和物种资源。

 Plant diversity conservation and resource utilization are closely related to national strategies and decisions on ecological civilization construction, rural revitalization, etc. Therefore, it is urgent to identify natural protection areas and develop resource utilization plans. In this paper, spatial patterns of species richness, endemic species richness, threatened species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and protection index of angiosperms in China were analyzed, and county-level administrative regions with a cumulative area of 18% of national territorial area were selected as conservation priority areas according to protection index from high to low. Meanwhile, spatial patterns of richness of 13 types of resource plants and resource index were analyzed, and county-level administrative regions with a cumulative area of 18% of national territorial area were selected as resource plant areas according to resource index from high to low, meanwhile county-level administrative regions with a cumulative area of 5% of national territorial area were considered as core areas of resource plant areas. The results show that the spatial patterns of protection index and species richness are relatively consistent, and are mainly concentrated in most areas of Southwest China, South China, and Southeast China between N21°-35° (including southern Tibet, northern and southern Yunnan, adjacent areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi, surrounding mountains of Sichuan, adjacent areas of Chongqing and Hubei, adjacent areas of Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou, etc.). Thirty-four conservation priority areas are selected based on protection index, and angiosperms, endemic plants, threatened plants, and national key protected wild plants in these conservation priority areas account for 80.5%, 80.3%, 70.6%, and 71.8% of total species numbers of corresponding types of angiosperms in China, respectively. Twenty resource plant areas are selected based on resource index, and angiosperms, endemic plants, threatened plants, resource plants, and national key protected wild plants in these resource plant areas account for 82.7%, 77.2%, 74.9%, 87.0%, and 72.9% of total species numbers of corresponding types of angiosperms in China, respectively, and those in core areas account for 60.6%, 60.6%, 58.0%, 76.3%, and 57.8% of total species numbers of corresponding types of angiosperms in China, respectively. It is suggested that the screened conservation priority areas and resource plant areas are overlapped in general, indicating that the screened conservation priority areas can maximize the protection effect on plant diversity and species resources in China.