为揭示濒危植物资源冷杉（Abies ziyuanensis L. K. Fu et S. L. Mo）的根际细菌群落特征，运用高通量测序技术探讨广西银竹老山资源冷杉国家级自然保护区中神宝塘、三角湖塘和文溪村种群的资源冷杉根际细菌群落的组成和多样性，并结合土壤理化指标分析资源冷杉根际细菌的重要土壤影响因子。结果显示：从3个种群土壤样品中共获得26 053个细菌分类操作单元（OTU），隶属于1 592属；3个种群共有OTU数为4 746，共有属数为656。资源冷杉根际细菌群落的优势菌门为酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteriota），优势菌属为norank_Subgroup_2、norank_Acidobacteriales和norank_Xanthobacteraceae。多样性分析结果显示：不同种群间根际细菌群落存在明显差异，文溪村种群与另2个种群明显分离。文溪村种群资源冷杉根际土壤的pH值、总氮含量、有机碳含量、有效磷含量和有效钾含量显著（P<0.05）高于神宝塘和三角湖塘种群，而速效氮含量和铵态氮含量则显著低于另2个种群。冗余分析结果显示：资源冷杉根际土壤的铵态氮含量、有机碳含量和有效磷含量是影响其根际细菌群落结构的重要土壤因子。相关性分析结果显示：资源冷杉根际土壤的pH值、总氮含量、速效氮含量、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、有机碳含量和有效磷含量对部分根际细菌门的相对丰度影响显著或极显著（P<0.01）。综合分析结果表明：不同资源冷杉种群具有独特的根际细菌群落；文溪村种群资源冷杉的生长可能受到根际土壤氮素形态不平衡的影响，因此，在未来的保护和管理中可适当施用铵态氮肥以改善资源冷杉的生长条件。

To reveal the characteristics of rhizosphere bacterial communities of endangered plant Abies ziyuanensis L. K. Fu et S. L. Mo, the composition and  diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities of A. ziyuanensis of Shenbaotang, Sanjiaohutang, and Wenxicun populations in Guangxi Yinzhu Laoshan National Nature Reserve for Abies ziyuanensis were investigated by using high-throughput sequencing technology, and their important soil influencing factors were analyzed by  combining with soil physicochemical indexes. The results show that a total of 26 053 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are obtained from the soil samples of the three populations, belonging to 1 592 genera; the common OTU number is 4 746, and the common genus number is 656 of the three populations. The dominant bacterial phyla of the rhizosphere bacterial communities of A. ziyuanensis are Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota,  and the dominant bacterial genera are norank_Subgroup_2, norank_Acidobacteriales, and norank_Xanthobacteraceae. The diversity analysis result shows that there are evident differences in rhizosphere bacterial community among different populations, and Wenxicun population shows a clear separation from the other two populations. The pH value, total nitrogen content, organic carbon content, available phosphorus content, and available potassium content in rhizosphere soil of Wenxicun population are significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of Shenbaotang and Sanjiaohutang populations, while the available nitrogen content and ammonium nitrogen content are significantly lower than those of the other two populations. The redundancy analysis result shows that the ammonium nitrogen content, organic carbon content, and available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil are dominant soil factors influencing the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of A. ziyuanensis. The correlation analysis result shows that the pH value, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, organic carbon content and available phosphorus content in rhizophere soil of A. ziyuanensis have significant or extremely significant (P<0.01) influences on relative abundance of some rhizosphere bacterial phyla. The comprehensive analysis results show that different A. ziyuanensis populations possess unique rhizosphere bacterial communities; the growth of A. ziyuanensis of Wenxicun population may be affected by the imbalance of nitrogen forms in rhizosphere soil, therefore, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately applied to improve the growth conditions of A. ziyuanensis in future conservation and management.