以采自陕西西安的花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)品种‘大红袍’(‘Dahongpao’)叶片为研究材料,对花椒叶中营养成分和活性成分的含量及其水提物和醇提物的体外抗氧化活性进行了分析,并研究了花椒叶醇提物对黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster Meigen)体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响。结果表明:花椒叶总蛋白质含量为204. 727 g·kg^-1 ,蛋白质的主要组分为醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、清蛋白和球蛋白;氨基酸总含量达到245. 941 g·kg-1 ,包含16 种氨基酸,氨基酸的E/ T 值、CS 平均值和AAS 平均值分别为46. 57%、148. 86% 和254. 24%;粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分、水分和可溶性多糖的含量分别为5. 69%、2. 07%、6. 67%、9. 13%和8. 50 g·kg^-1 ;醇提物中总多酚和类黄酮的含量分别为552. 71 和133. 63 g·kg^-1 。花椒叶水提物和醇提物对ABTS⁺·和DPPH·均具有一定的清除能力;其中,0. 08 mg·mL^-1 醇提物对ABTS⁺·的清除率(99. 75%)与阳性对照VC(99. 78%)接近,0. 08 mg·mL^-1 水提物对ABTS⁺·的清除率则略低于VC;0. 10 mg·mL^-1 醇提物和水提物对DPPH·的清除率分别为82. 27%和81. 34%,略低于VC。花椒叶醇提物和水提物的质量浓度与自由基清除率有明显的量效关系,其中,醇提物对自由基的清除能力较强,其对ABTS⁺·和DPPH·的IC50 值分别为0. 028 2 和0. 030 1mg·mL^-1 。在黑腹果蝇培养基中添加0. 1 和0. 3 mg·mL^-1 花椒叶醇提物,可使雌性和雄性黑腹果蝇的SOD 活性以及雄性黑腹果蝇的GSH-Px 活性显著或极显著提高,但对雌性黑腹果蝇的GSH-Px 活性无显著影响。研究结果显示:花椒叶蛋白质含量高且品质较好、氨基酸组成均衡,达到优质植物蛋白资源的标准;花椒叶醇提物和水提物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,可能与其多酚和类黄酮含量较高有关。

Taking leaf of cultivar ‘Dahongpao’ of  Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. collected from Xi'an of Shaanxi as research material, contents of nutrient components and active components, and in vitro antioxidant activity of its aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts were analyzed, and effects of ethanol extracts from Z. bungeanum leaf on in vivo superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen were researched. The results show that total protein content in Z. bungeanum leaf is 204. 727 g·kg^-1, and main components in protein are gliadin, glutenin, albumin and globulin. Total content of amino acids reaches 245. 941 g·kg-1 with 16 kinds of amino acids. E/ T value, average values of CS and AAS of amino acids are 46. 57%, 148. 86% and 254. 24%, respectively. Contents of crude fiber, crude fat, ash, moisture and soluble sugar are 5. 69%, 2. 07%, 6. 67%, 9. 13% and 8. 50 g·kkg^-1, respectively. Contents of total polyphenol and flavonoids in ethanol extracts are 552. 71 and 133. 63 g · kg^-1, respectively. Both aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts from Z. bungeanum leaf have a certain scavenging ability to ABTS+·and DPPH·, in which, scavenging rate of 0. 08 mg·mL-1 ethanol extracts to ABTS^＋·(99. 75%) is close to that of positive control VC (99. 78%), and that of 0. 08 mg·mL^-1 aqueous extracts to ABTS^＋·is slightly lower than that of VC. Scavenging rate of 0. 10 mg·mL^-1 ethanol extracts and aqueous extracts is 82. 27% and 81. 34%, respectively, which is slightly lower than that of VC. Mass concentrations of ethanol extracts and aqueous extracts from Z. bungeanum leaf have obvious dose-effect relations to scavenging rate of free radicals, in which, scavenging ability of ethanol extracts to free radicals is stronger, IC50 value of ethanol extracts to ABTS^＋· and DPPH· is 0. 028 2 and 0. 030 1 mg·mL^-1, respectively. Adding 0. 1 and 0. 3 mg·mL-1 ethanol extracts from Z. bungeanum leaf in culture medium for D. melanogaster can significantly or obviously significantly enhance SOD activity in female and male of D. melanogaster and GSH-Px activity in male of D. melanogaster, but has no significant effect on GSH-Px activity in female of D. melanogaster. It is suggested that content of protein in Z. bungeanum leaf is high, quality of protein is better, and composition of amino acids is balance, meaning that Z. bungeanum leaf reaches the standard for high quality vegetable protein resources. Ethanol extracts and aqueous extracts from Z. bungeanum leaf have a certain antioxidant activity, which may be related to higher contents of polyphenol and flavonoids.