城市民族植物学（urban ethnobotany）是一个新兴的民族植物学研究领域，一般指在城市背景下研究人与植物相互关系的科学，主要关注城市居民（新移民和原住民）利用植物和植物产品的知识。本文系统阐述了城市民族植物学的定义、研究进展和研究内容，并探讨了该研究领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向。国外城市民族植物学研究主要聚焦于药用植物知识状况，同时关注庭院与城市绿地的植物多样性及其在塑造城市景观、增强文化认同及保护生物多样性等方面的作用；国内城市民族植物学研究还包括从农村迁移到城市的人群和受城镇化影响较大的农村地区人群的传统植物知识。城市民族植物学研究内容包括传统植物（如传统食用植物和传统药用植物等）知识的迁移与适应、城市集市植物（产品）、庭院植物、城市绿地生物多样性保护、传统生态知识与生态文明建设。如今，城市民族植物学研究面临众多挑战，包括如何防止传统植物知识逐渐消失，如何避免传统植物知识边缘化和同质化，如何长期跟踪特定群体，如何应对文化多样性对居民植物认知及植物使用方式的影响，以及如何增强研究结果的可扩展性、可转移性和解释性。研究者应坚持植物多样性保护、传统文化传承、乡土植物优先和可持续发展的基本原则，积极组建专业研究团队和机构，设立科学教育中心，并推动城市植物产业发展。

 Urban ethnobotany is an emerging research field of ethnobotany, which generally refers to the science of studying the relationship between humans and plants in the urban context, and primarily focuses on the knowledge of urban residents （both new migrants and indigenous people） in utilizing plants and plant products. This article systematically elaborates the definition, research progress, and research contents of urban ethnobotany, and discusses the challenges faced by this research field and its future development directions. Urban ethnobotanical research in foreign countries mainly focuses on the knowledge status of medicinal plants, and pays attention to the plant diversity in homegardens and urban green spaces, as well as their roles in shaping urban landscape, enhancing cultural identity, protecting biodiversity, etc.; urban ethnobotanical researches in China also include the traditional plant knowledge of people migrating from rural area to urban area and in the rural areas greatly affected by urbanization. The research contents of urban ethnobotany include the transfer and adaptation of traditional plant （such as traditional edible plants, traditional medicinal plants, etc.） knowledge, urban market plants （products）, homegarden plants, biodiversity protection in urban green space, traditional ecological knowledge and ecological civilization construction. Currently, urban ethnobotanical research faces multiple challenges, including how to prevent the gradual disappearance of traditional plant knowledge, how to avoid the marginalization and homogenization of traditional plant knowledge, how to conduct long-term tracking of specific groups, how to address the impact of cultural diversity on residents-plant cognition and plant use practices, and how to enhance the scalability, transferability, and interpretability of research results. Researchers should adhere to the basic principles of plant diversity conservation, traditional culture inheritance, native plant prioritization, and sustainable development, actively establish professional research teams and institutions, set up science education centers, and promote the development of urban plant industry.