利用农业废弃物稻壳和混合秸秆部分替代配方基质中泥炭，探究添加农业废弃物配方基质在牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)不同生长期的理化性质、水解酶活性以及碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）和水解酶活性的化学计量比的变化特征，分析基质的理化性质和C、N、P化学计量比以及牡丹外部形态指标与基质水解酶活性相关指标的相关性，并对牡丹外部形态特征进行综合评价。结果表明：从牡丹开花期至花芽分化期，与CK〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=6∶2∶2〕配方基质相比较，T1〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)∶V(稻壳)=5∶2∶2∶1〕和T2〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)∶V(混合秸秆)=5∶2∶2∶1〕配方基质的全磷含量、铵态氮含量和β-1，4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性显著（P<0.05）升高，C/P比和N/P比总体显著下降，氮磷酶活性比（ENP）总体升高。从牡丹开花期至花芽分化期，3种配方基质中微生物受到的P限制转变为N限制，C限制逐渐加剧。其中，在开花期，T1和T2配方基质缓解了微生物受到的P限制；在开花期和叶片生长期，T1配方基质缓解了微生物受到的C限制；在花芽分化期，T1配方基质加剧了微生物受到的C限制。T1和T2配方基质中牡丹的最小叶宽和最小叶长总体较CK配方基质显著增加。总体上看，从牡丹开花期至花芽分化期，3种配方基质的pH值、含水量、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性、亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性、碳磷酶活性比（ECP）和ENP呈升高趋势，有机碳含量、全氮含量、铵态氮含量、C/N比、C/P比和N/P比呈先降低后升高的变化趋势，硝态氮含量呈降低趋势，碳氮酶活性比（ECN）呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。冗余分析结果显示牡丹外部形态指标受基质C/N比、ECN和ENP的显著影响。T1配方基质中牡丹外部形态指标的综合评价指数最高（0.82）。综上所述，稻壳部分替代泥炭用于牡丹的栽培基质增加了基质的全磷含量、铵态氮含量和β-1，4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性，明显缓解了P限制，提高了牡丹植株的综合性状，适宜部分替代泥炭作为牡丹的生长基质。

 By utilizing agricultural wastes rice husks and mixed straw to partially replace peat in the formula substrate, the variation characteristics of the physicochemical properties, hydrolase activities, as well as stoichiometric ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and hydrolase activities in the formula substrate added agricultural wastes at different growth stages of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. were explored, the correlations of the physicochemical properties and C,N,P stoichiometric ratios of substrates and the external morphological indexes of P. suffruticosa with the related indexes of hydrolase activities of substrates were analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation on the external morphological characteristics of P. suffruticosa was conducted. The results show that from the flowering stage to the flower bud differentiation stage of P. suffruticosa, compared with the CK 〔V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(vermiculite)=6∶2∶2〕 formula substrate, the total phosphorus content, ammonium nitrogen content, and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity of T1 〔V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(vermiculite)∶V(rice husk)=5∶2∶2∶1〕 and T2 〔V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(vermiculite)∶V(mixed straw)=5∶2∶2∶1〕 formula substrates significantly (P<0.05) increase, the C/P ratio and N/P ratio significantly decrease in general, and the nitrogenase/phosphatase activity ratio (ENP) increases in general. From the flowering stage to the flower bud differentiation stage of P. suffruticosa, the P limitation of microorganisms in the three formula substrates changed into N limitation, and C limitation gradually intensifies. In which, at the flowering stage, the T1 and T2 formula substrates alleviate the P limitation of microorganisms; at the flowering and leaf growth stages, the T1 formula substrate alleviates the C limitation of microorganisms; at the flower bud differentiation stage, the T1 formula substrate exacerbates the C limitation of microorganisms. The minimum leaf width and minimum leaf length of P. suffruticosa in the T1 and T2 formula substrates significantly increase compared with those in the CK formula substrate. Overall, from the flowering stage to the flower bud differentiation stage of P. suffruticosa, the pH value, water content, β1,4glucosidase activity, leucine aminopeptidase activity, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, carbonase/phosphatase activity ratio (ECP), and ENP of three formula substrates show a tendency to increase, the organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, C/N ratio, C/P ratio, and N/P ratio show a variation tendency to first decrease and then increase, the nitrate nitrogen content shows a tendency to decrease, and the carbonase/nitrogenase activity ratio (ECN) shows a variation tendency to first increase and then decrease. The redundancy analysis result shows that the external morphological indexes of P. suffruticosa are significantly affected by the C/N ratio, ECN, and ENP of the substrate. The comprehensive evaluation index of external morphological indexes of P. suffruticosa in the T1 formula substrate is the highest (0.82). In conclusion, the partial substitution of peat with rice husks in the cultivation substrate of P. suffruticosa increases the total phosphorus content, ammonium nitrogen content, and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity of the substrate, evidently alleviates P limitation, improves the comprehensive traits of P. suffruticosa plants, and rice husks are suitable for partially replacing peat as a growth substrate for P. suffruticosa.