The essential oil was extracted from fresh leaf and defoliation of Bischofia polycarpa ( Lévl.) Airy Shaw using steam distillation, and the chemical components and relative content of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS and peak area normalization. The results show that the yields of crude extracts of essential oil from fresh leaf and defoliation are 0. 114% and 0. 105% respectively, and 114 and 15 peaks have been obtained respectively. Forty-seven compounds have been identified from the essential oil of fresh leaf, and the main compounds are camphor, 2-hexenoic acid, heptacosane, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl adipate, 2,6,10-trimethyl tetradecane and diisobutyl adipate with relative contents of 10. 416% , 8. 078% , 7. 627% , 7. 463% , 5. 171% , 4. 411% and 4. 144% , respectively. Fourteen compounds have been identified from the essential oil of defoliation, and the main compounds are camphor, 2-carboxymethyl-3-n-hexylmaleic acid anhydride and eucalyptol with relative contents of 33. 070% , 12. 670% and 8. 620% , respectively. The relative content of camphor
in essential oil from fresh leaf and defoliation is the highest.