采用石蜡切片法观察了濒危植物夏蜡梅(Calycanthus chinensis W. C. Cheng et S. Y. Chang)营养器官(根、茎、叶和芽)的解剖结构特征,探讨了这些结构特征与夏蜡梅生态适应性的关系。观察结果显示,夏蜡梅的芽没有芽鳞,为柄下芽。夏蜡梅根初生木质部为三原型或四原型,导管数量多、口径大,皮层和木质化薄壁细胞内均存有大量簇晶。幼茎木质部含有较多的导管,四周的厚壁细胞小,茎中韧皮纤维和髓部发达;老茎有突起的皮孔并具表皮毛,茎的每个突起部位都有成团的韧皮纤维。夏蜡梅的叶片为典型的异面叶,具有以下解剖特征:叶表皮角质膜较厚;表皮及叶肉细胞内含有较多的晶体;气孔多集中在下表皮,气孔极区T 形加厚;栅栏组织由1 层细胞组成;主脉维管束呈径向排列,且叶脉维管束鞘细胞有加厚现象。研究结果表明,夏蜡梅营养器官具有一定的原始和耐旱结构特征,同时,与其生活的溪沟两旁及林下的湿润环境相适应,夏蜡梅营养器官具有耐阴植物的解剖结构特征。

The anatomical structure characteristics of vegetative organs (including root, stem, leaf and bud) of endangered plant Calycanthus chinensis W. C. Cheng et S. Y. Chang were observed by means of the paraffin method, and the relationship between these structure characteristics and ecological adaptability of C. chinensis was also discussed. The observation results show that the bud of C. chinensis is subpetiolar bud without bud scale. Primary xylem in root is triarch or tetrarch with more vessels whose diameter is big. And there are a lot of crystals in cortex and lignified parenchyma cells of root. The xylem of young stem contains more vessels with small sclerenchymatous cells on all sides and developed phloem fibres and pith. While the mature stem has protruding lenticels and epidermal hairs, and there are conglobate phloem fibres in every protruding parts. The leaf of C. chinensis is typical bifacial leaf and the anatomical characters are as follows: the leaf epidermis with thick cuticles; more crystals in epidermal and mesophyll cells; the stomata centralizing on lower epidermis of leaf and appearing T-shaped thickening in stomatal polar region; the palisade tissue being composed of one layer cell; the vascular bundles of primary vein being radial alignment and the vascular bundle sheaths in vein being thickened. It is suggested that the vegetative organs of C. chinensis have a certain primitive and drought tolerance structure characteristics. Meanwhile, those have some shade-tolerance anatomical characteristics, indicating that C. chinensis has a certain adaptability to shaded or valley habitats.