为探讨白芍原植物各居群间的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,本实验应用RAPD技术,使用40条随机引物对10个白芍原植物居群的叶片总DNA进行PCR扩增。结果表明:白芍10个原植物居群间具有较丰富的遗传多样性,多态率达63.64%。由结合线L=0.7975可将10个居群划分为6组,原植物为芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)的6个居群中有4个居群集中在第3组,显示了种内遗传关系的相似性,其中川白芍(芍药)花色有变,同时雄蕊有部分瓣化的现象,与野生种(韩城芍药)有较远的遗传关系;山东荷泽居群雄蕊全部瓣化,种质可能来自于观赏芍药突变体,在遗传关系上与芍药的其他居群有一定的距离。原植物为毛果芍药〔P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern〕的4个居群中,杭白芍粉红花居群和白花居群独立成一组,与形态分类的结果一致。芍药及其变种毛果芍药的遗传关系非常近,但是有交叉。因此形态分类和遗传关系应综合考虑,作为种下分类单位的确定也应慎重。

RAPD is used to study the genetic diversity and relationship of plant populations of Radix Paeonia Alba, in which 40 random primers are used. There are rich genetic diversities among 10 different populations (the polymorphic ratio is 63. 67% ) . Based on the combining line ( L=0. 797 5) , ten populations can be classified into 6 groups. The 4 populations in 6 Paeonia lactiflora Pall. populations are intensively clustered in section 3, which reveals a high genetic identify. The population of Chuanbaishao ( P. lactiflora ) in Zhongjiang, Sichuan Province is outgrouped by different flower color and partially petaloid stamens, it shows a long genetic distance between the cultivar and wild in sect. 3. The population of P . lactiflora from Heze, Shandong Province, as the descendant of a probable mutation of the decorative cultivars, is characterized with completely petaloid stamens and separated from others in heredity. Among the 4 populations of P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa ( Bunge) Stern, the white and pink flower populations of Hangbaishao from Pan'an, Zhejiang Province are clustered into a separate section, which is consistent with the result based on morphological classification . P . lactiflora has a close relationship with its variety P . lactiflora var. trichocarpa .We should comprehensively deliberate on the classification of units infraspecific and take a consideration based on morphology and genetic distance.